Mercator sailing
The navigational technique accurate for short ocean passages (approximately 200nm). Courses, distances run, difference/distance in latitude (North–South) and departure (East–West distance covered) can be found by entering nautical tables and/or calculating spherical trigonometry. The difference in longitude resultant from a change in position is calculated by the tables of meridional parts (the varying distance of per degree of East-West meridians dependant on the latitude). For instance, a degree of longitude at the equator is approximately 60nm but narrow to 0 nm at the poles.
Source: http://www.splashmaritime.com.au/Marops/Dictionary.pdf
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