Breakstroke
Breakstroke swimming technique where the swimmer lies in the water in i in as possible with shoulders parallel to the water surface. The following elements characterize this technique: 1. Arm movement: in the short gliding phase the arms lie straight and are pointed forward. The pull phase starts with both hands simultaneously and symmetrically in downward-outward direction, as soon as the propulsion decreases. In the subsequent push phase upper arm and elbow can only be taken back as far as the shoulder axis. The arms are then extended forward. 2. Leg movement: drawing up of the feet, bending and opening of the knees, kicking the shank in a semi-circle, bringing together and extending the legs. 3. Breathing: inhaling occurs during the arm’s push phase, exhaling through mouth and nose under water while the arms are brought forward. 4. Movement coordination: pull phase of the arms, push phase of the arms and drawing up of the legs, leg kick and forward movement of the arms, short gliding phase. 5. Start: following the start jump from the starting block (» swimming start) only one arm pull and one leg kick are permitted under water (» underwater stroke). 6. Turn: the touch during the turn is performed with both hands and with a horizontal shoulder axis. Following the twist (high or low turn) the swimmer performs a strong push-off which leads to an underwater stroke. At the beginning of the second arm pull a part of the swimmer’s head must he at the water surface. Due to the fact that the strength reserves can be well controlled, breaststroke is the most commonly used stroke in swimming. Breaststroke is the oldest but also the slowest of today’s four competitive swimming strokes (» swimming competitions). (H.Haag &g. Haag, dictionary, 2003, 99 p.)
Source: http://lspa.eu/files/study/lection_materials/U.Svinks/Sport_lexis_terms_explanatory_dictionary_in_english.pdf
List of Literature and The List of Abbreviations sources used in the source document
1. Chambers Sports Factfinder. Chambers Harrap Publishers Ltd 2005. [ISBN 0550 101616] (Chambers. Sports Factf.,2005)
2. Dictionary of Leisure, Travel and Tourism. Third edition. A&C Black Publishers Ltd, 2008. [ISBN 9780713685459] (Dict. of Leis., Trav. and Tour., 2008)
3. Dictionary. Sport, Physical Education, Sport Science. Editors Herbert Haag&Gerald Haag. Kiel, Institut für Sport und Sportwissenschaften, 2003. [ISBN 3-7780-3419-7] ((H.Haag &G. Haag, Dictionary, 2003)
4. Dictionary of Sport and Exercise Science A&Black Publishers Ltd 2006. [ISBN -10: 0713677856; ISBN-13: 9780713677850] (Dict. of Sp.and Ex.Sc,2006)
5. Dictionary of the Sport and Exercise Sciences. Mark H.Anshel, Editor. Human Kinetics Books Champaign, Illinois, 1991 [ISBN: 0-87322-379-9] (Dict. of sp. and Ex. Sc. 1991)
Web site to visit: http://lspa.eu
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