Callisthenics
Callisthenics energetic physical exercises designed to improve fitness and muscle tone, including press-ups, sit-ups and star jumps (dict. Of sp. And ex. Sc. 2006, 39 P.) Callisthenics (in several other languages denoted by the root gymnastic) movement training performed on the same spot as well as during the various forms of running or walking. It is practiced either without any equipment or using only » hand apparatus such as ball, ribbon, clubs, hoop, jumping rope. Furthermore, callisthenics is understood as a term for flexiibility and posture training and as any physical training without a fixed apparatus (exercises included in floor gymnastics can also be viewed as callisthenics) or at certain large pieces of equipment such as the long bench, wall bars, and balance beam. From the multitude of possible objectives of callisthenics, three main ones have emerged, which are used to categorize callisthenics exercises. Functional callisthenics serves predominantly the maintenance or renewal of bodily functions (e.G. Infant, pregnancy, rehabilitation, orthopaedic callisthenics). This area includes general callisthenics oriented towards conditioning as fitness training (remedial callisthenics), since it is also based on functional aspects, especially with respect to posture deficiencies, an unstable circulatory system muscular tension or deficiencies, and vertebral disk problems. Functional callisthenics are practiced considering special functions, e.G. As foot, torso, arm, or breathing callisthenics. An essential element of callisthenics is always the joy of movement as a psychological and physically effective factor. In addition to this gross classification of calisthenics, several other classification criteria are possible, e.G. The participants (children, women’s, and men’s calisthenics), the body parts predominantly used in the exercises (torso, foot, finger, vertebral spine, and organ callisthenics), the time the exercises are practiced (morning, break, and minute callisthenics), the place where participants perform the exercises (floor, workplace, and underwater callisthenics), the equipment used (ball, ribbon, rope, hoop and bar callisthenics), the objective of the exercises (remedial, condition, competitive, and expressive callisthenics), the national origin of certain callisthenics (gymnastics) systems (german and swedish callisthenics) (h.Haag &g. Haag, dictionary, 2003, 103 p.)
Source: http://lspa.eu/files/study/lection_materials/U.Svinks/Sport_lexis_terms_explanatory_dictionary_in_english.pdf
List of Literature and The List of Abbreviations sources used in the source document
1. Chambers Sports Factfinder. Chambers Harrap Publishers Ltd 2005. [ISBN 0550 101616] (Chambers. Sports Factf.,2005)
2. Dictionary of Leisure, Travel and Tourism. Third edition. A&C Black Publishers Ltd, 2008. [ISBN 9780713685459] (Dict. of Leis., Trav. and Tour., 2008)
3. Dictionary. Sport, Physical Education, Sport Science. Editors Herbert Haag&Gerald Haag. Kiel, Institut für Sport und Sportwissenschaften, 2003. [ISBN 3-7780-3419-7] ((H.Haag &G. Haag, Dictionary, 2003)
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5. Dictionary of the Sport and Exercise Sciences. Mark H.Anshel, Editor. Human Kinetics Books Champaign, Illinois, 1991 [ISBN: 0-87322-379-9] (Dict. of sp. and Ex. Sc. 1991)
Web site to visit: http://lspa.eu
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