Sine-Squared Pulses
Sine-Squared Pulses – Sine-squared pulses are bandwidth limited and are useful for testing bandwidth-limited television systems. Fast rise time square waves cannot be used for testing bandwidth-limited systems because attenuation and phase shift of out-of-band components will cause ringing in the output pulse. These out-of-band distortions can obscure the in-band distortions that are of interest. Description of the Pulse: Sine-squared pulses look like one cycle of a sine wave as shown. Mathematically, a sine-squared wave is obtained by squaring a half-cycle of a sine wave. Physically, the pulse is generated by passing an impulse through a sine-squared shaping filter. T Intervals: Sine-squared pulses are specified in terms of half amplitude duration (HAD) which is the pulse width measured at the 50% pulse amplitude points. Pulses with HADs which are multiples of the time interval T are used to test bandwidth limited systems. T, 2T and 12.5T pulses are common examples. T is the Nyquist interval, or 1/2 fc where fc is the cutoff frequency of the system to be measured. For NTSC, fc is take to be 4 MHz, thus T is 125 nsec.
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