Multiple Choice: Which of the following describes the major difference between bryophytes (pron: bry-oh-fites) and tracheophytes (pron: tray-key-o-fites)?
a) tracheophytes can survive on land
b) tracheophytes have seeds inside fruits
c) tracheophytes can make their own food
d) tracheophytes have vessels to transport materials
ANSWER: D -- TRACHEOPHYTES HAVE VESSELS TO TRANSPORT MATERIALS
Short Answer: Complete the sentence. The alternative forms of gene at the same locus on homologous chromosomes are called what?
ANSWER: ALLELES
BIOL-91: Short Answer: The human pelvic girdle is composed of 3 fused bones on each side for a total of 6 bones. Name the 3 fused bones.
ANSWER: ILLIUM, ISCHIUM, and PUBIS
BIOL-91: Short Answer: What are rings of muscle which CLOSE body openings such as the lips called?
ANSWER: SPHINCTERS
Multiple Choice: The myofilaments of muscles consist primarily of two proteins. These two proteins are called:
a) actin and myosin
b) progesterone and testosterone
c) progesterone and estrogen
ANSWER: A -- ACTIN AND MYOSIN
Short Answer: Is studies of the human body, what is used to describ a blood-filled sac formed by an outpouching in an arterial or venous wall?
ANSWER: ANEURYSM
Multiple Choice: What French scientist is considered the father of paleontology? Was it:
a) George Cuvier
b) Marquis de Condorcet
c) Jacque Tonnies
d) Auguste Compte
ANSWER: A -- GEORGE CUVIER
Multiple Choice: What Roman physician's studies of human anatomy based on lower animals served as the only text on the subject for nearly 1 centuries? Was it:
a) Cartrum
b) Polonius
c) Galen
d) Monterius
ANSWER: C -- GALEN
BIOL-91: Multiple Choice: What percentage of the atmosphere consists of carbon dioxide? Is it approximately:
a) .03% (read: three-hundredths of a percent)
b) 1%
c) 5%
d) 7%
ANSWER: A -- .03%
Short Answer: What process in all living things releases carbon dioxide as a waste product?
ANSWER: RESPIRATION
Short Answer: For convenience, living things are placed into variou groups. The taxonomic breakdown of living things consists of the following categories:
Family, Class, Genus, Phylum, Order, Kingdom and Species Give the order of these terms from least specific to most specific.
ANSWER: KINGDOM, PHYLUM, CLASS, ORDER, FAMILY, GENUS, SPECIES
Short Answer: In biology, what is the word used to describe the appearance of an individual without regard to its hereditary constitution?
ANSWER: PHENOTYPE (pron: fee-no-type)
Multiple Choice: The chromosomes responsible for characteristics other than sex are known by which of the following terms?
a) ribosomes
b) lysosomes
c) autosomes
d) spermatocytes
ANSWER: C -- AUTOSOMES
Short Answer: What genetic term describes the situation when a part of a chromosome is broken off and lost?
ANSWER: CHROMOSOMAL DELETION
Multiple Choice: Each of the following is a cell organelle except one. Which one of these is NOT a cell organelle? Is it
a) mitochondrion
b) lysosome
c) cytoplasm
d) endoplasmic reticulum ANSWER: C -- CYTOPLASM
Multiple Choice: When a color blind man marries a woman pure for normal color vision, it is probable that one of the following situations may result. Is it probable that
a) all the children will be color blind
b) all the grandchildren will be color blind
c) only the sons will be colorblind
d) half the grandsons will be color blind
ANSWER: D -- HALF THE GRANDSONS WILL BE COLOR BLIND
Multiple Choice: Which of the following are skin receptors in humans that are sensitive to heat? Are they:
a) end organs of Krause
b) Meissner's corpuscles
c) end organs of Ruffini
d) Pacinian corpuscles
ANSWER: C -- END ORGANS OF RUFFINI
Multiple Choice: Into which of the following acids is glucose broken down in the first stage of carbohydrate metabolism? Is it:
a) pyruvic acid (pie-rue-vick acid)
b) lactic acid
c) hydrochloric acid
d) citric acid
ANSWER: A -- PYRUVIC ACID
Multiple Choice: Hormones are composed from many classes of molecules. As far as our present knowledge extends, hormones are NOT found in which of the following categories of substances:
a) proteins
b) peptides
c) nucleic acids
d) steroids
ANSWER: C -- NUCLEIC ACIDS
Short Answer: What is the term given to a fatty acid that has more than one set of double bonds between carbons?
ANSWER: POLYUNSATURATED
Multiple Choice: The process by which an amino acid loses its amino group is called:
a) hydration
b) deamination
c) oxidoamination
d) dehydration
ANSWER: B -- DEAMINATION
Multiple Choice: In a plasma membrane, which of the following provides a general barrier to the movement of molecules?
a) lipids
b) proteins
c) carbohydrates
d) all of these ANSWER: A -- LIPIDS
Multiple Choice: The name of the process by which oil glands in mammalian skins secrete oils is:
a) active transport
b) apocrine secretion
c) holocrine secretion
d) osmosis
ANSWER: C -- HOLOCRINE SECRETION
Multiple Choice: An individual with three X chromosomes is likely t be:
a) a clinically normal female
b) an abnormal female
c) a Turner's individual
d) a Kleinfelter's individual
ANSWER: B -- AN ABNORMAL FEMALE
Short Answer: Who is considered the father of Taxonomy?
ANSWER: (CAROLUS) LINNAEUS
Multiple Choice: In the first stage of photosynthesis, light energy is used to:
a) move water molecules
b) denature chlorophyll
c) split water
d) produce carbohydrates ANSWER: C -- SPLIT WATER
Multiple Choice: One-celled algae enclosed in minute two-part silic shells are called:
a) dinoflagellates (pron: die-no-flaj-el-ates)
b) coelenterates (pron: sell-en-ter-ates)
c) annelids
d) diatoms
ANSWER: D -- DIATOMS
Multiple Choice: Osmoregulation is concerned with:
a) excretion
b) ionic regulation
c) control of the body's water content
d) carbon dioxide regulation
ANSWER: C -- CONTROL OF THE BODY'S WATER CONTENT
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is not an arachnid?
a) lobster
b) scorpion
c) black widow spider
d) tick
ANSWER: A -- LOBSTER
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is not found in blood?
a) fibrinogen
b) glucose
c) urea
d) glycogen
ANSWER: D -- GLYCOGEN
Multiple Choice: Proof that plants can grow and reproduce using onl inorganic nutrients comes from the study of:
a) phototrophic nutrition
b) mycorrhiza
c) hydroponics
d) humus
ANSWER: C -- HYDROPONICS
Multiple Choice: Water molecules enter plant epidermal cells by:
a) osmosis
b) active transport
c) translocation
d) transpiration
ANSWER: A -- OSMOSIS
Short Answer: What molecule is the energy source for virtually all of the work done by the cell?
ANSWER: ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)
Multiple Choice: Which of the following diseases has been eradicate from the world?
a) cholera
b) smallpox
c) diphtheria
d) poliomyelitis
ANSWER: B -- SMALLPOX
Multiple Choice: We believe the beginnings of life on earth took place in the:
a) air
b) land masses
c) shallow oceans
d) glaciers
ANSWER: C -- SHALLOW OCEANS
Multiple Choice: Each antibody molecule is made up of how many PAIR of polypeptide chains, joined together by disulfide bonds.
a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 4
ANSWER: B -- 2
Multiple Choice: The immune system normally discriminates between which types of antigens.
a) B and T cells
b) self and non-self
c) humoral and cell-mediated
d) primary and secondary
ANSWER: B -- SELF AND NON-SELF
Short Answer: Proteins that cause reactions to proceed more rapidly and lower the energy of activation are called.
ANSWER: ENZYMES
Multiple Choice: What percent of the total radiant energy received by a plant is converted to chemical energy?
a) less than 2
b) 10
c) 50
d) 75
ANSWER: A -- LESS THAN 2
Multiple Choice: Genes are able to control a cell's fate by determining the synthesis of:
a) other genes
b) enzymes
c) carbohydrates
d) fat
ANSWER: B -- ENZYMES
Multiple Choice: Resolution by any microscope is ULTIMATELY limited by the:
a) curvature of the lenses
b) wavelength of the light
c) light intensity
d) lens aberrations
ANSWER: B -- WAVELENGTH OF THE LIGHT
Multiple Choice: Humans cannot digest cellulose because:
a) it does not contain sugars
b) it is made up of disaccharides
c) it is made up of monosaccharides
d) humans lack the proper enzymes
ANSWER: D -- HUMANS LACK THE PROPER ENZYMES
Multiple Choice: Cholesterol, testosterone, and estrogen are all examples of:
a) proteins
b) steroids
c) nucleic acids
d) alcohols
ANSWER: B -- STEROIDS
Short Answer: What is sometimes called animal starch?
ANSWER: GLYCOGEN
Short Answer: How many PAIRS of nerves leave the vertebrate brain?
ANSWER: 12
Short Answer; The vertebrate eyeball is bounded anteriorly by what convex, transparent object?
ANSWER: CORNEA
Short Answer: What are the names given to the basic subunits of a nucleic acid.
ANSWER: MONONUCLEOTIDES or NUCLEOTIDES
Short Answer: What is the term given to enzymes whose action is modulated by binding of a molecule to a site other than the active site?
ANSWER: ALLOSTERIC ENZYMES
Multiple Choice: The muscle attachment to the bone of lesser movement is called the muscle's:
a) insertion
b) head
c) origin
d) tail
ANSWER: C -- ORIGIN
Short Answer: DNA present in a structural gene that does not seem to have a specific coding function is known as what?
ANSWER: INTRON
Multiple Choice: The organic portion of bone consists of which one of the following proteins.
a) fibrin
b) collagen
c) actin
d) myosin
ANSWER: B -- COLLAGEN
Multiple Choice: Octopus and squid belong to the class of molluscs known as:
a) cephalopoda (pron: sef-eh-lah-pod-ah)
b) bivalvia
c) gastropoda (pron: gas-tro-pod-ah)
d) polyplacophora (pron: poly-pla-so-for-ah) ANSWER: A -- CEPHALOPODA
Short Answer: The name given to a structure present in angiosperms but lacking in gymnosperms is?
ANSWER: OVARY or OVULARY
Multiple Choice: In mammals, the primary function of the loop of Henle is:
a) reabsorption of water
b) water secretion
c) ammonia secretion
d) bicarbonate reabsorption
ANSWER: A -- REABSORPTION OF WATER
Short Answer: What is the name of the phenomenon that occurs when tissue culture is infected with one type of virus that causes the culture to resist infection by a second type of virus?
ANSWER: VIRAL INTERFERENCE or INTERFERENCE
Short Answer: What are gas bubbles which form within plant cells o in blood known as?
ANSWER: EMBOLISM
Short Answer: What are the water conducting cells in non-flowering vascular plants know as?
ANSWER: TRACHEIDS
Short Answer: On a dry day, water diffuses out of the intercellula spaces of the leaf through what part of the leaf?
ANSWER: STOMATA
Short Answer: A clogging of the bile duct interferes with the digestion of what category of food?
ANSWER: FATS or LIPIDS or FAT SOLUBLE VITAMINS
Short Answer: What is the name given to the jellylike substance filling the chamber behind the lens of the human eye?
ANSWER: vitreous body vitreous humor
Short Answer: The Erythrocytes of mammals lack what?
ANSWER: nucleus or DNA or chromosomes or mitochondria
Multiple Choice: The name of the ductless glands which secrete thei product into the circulatory system are:
a) exocrine (pron: ek-seh-kren)
b) apocrine (pron: ap-eh-kren)
c) holocrine (pron: hoe-leh-kren)
d) endocrine (pron: en-deh-kren) ANSWER: D -- ENDOcrine
Multiple Choice: In the first stage of photosynthesis, light energy splits water molecules leaving a by-product which is released. This byproduct is:
a) hydrogen
b) carbon dioxide
c) oxygen
d) methane
ANSWER: C -- oxygen
Multiple Choice: The bacteria which cause dental cavities in humans break down sugars, releasing what chemical, that causes tooth destruction?
a) acids
b) bases
c) enzymes
d) monosaccharides ANSWER: A -- acids
Multiple Choice: Blood platelets are:
a) cytoplasmic fragments
b) free nuclei
c) a kind of red cell
d) found only during clot formation ANSWER: A -- Cytoplasmic fragments
Multiple Choice: Oxidation of fats and carbohydrates within a cell would be an example of:
a) anabolism
b) catabolism
c) biosynthesis
d) none of the above ANSWER: B -- Catabolism
Multiple Choice: The muscle which is under involuntary control is:
a) striated
b) smooth
c) skeletal
ANSWER: B -- SMOOTH
Multiple Choice: The secondary pacemaker of the heart is known as the:
a) AV node
b) SA node
c) Purkinje Bundle
d) None of the above ANSWER: A -- AV node
Multiple Choice: A pyrogen is a substance released during inflammation that aids in causing:
a) swelling
b) redness
c) fever
d) pain
ANSWER: C -- fever
; Multiple Choice: Which of the following living creatures is most likely to have evolved from the trilobite?
a) millipede
b) sea star
c) sea anemone
d) whelk
ANSWER: A -- millipede
Multiple Choice: A lake which has high nutrient availability is:
a) oligotrophic (pron: all-i-go-tro-fik)
b) eutrophic (pron: you-tro-fik)
c) mesotrophic (pron: mez-eh-tro-fik) ANSWER: B -- eutropHic
Multiple Choice: The hormone causing growth of the endometrium (pron: en-doe-me-tree-um) is:
a) androgen (pron: ann-drah-jen)
b) leutenizing hormone (pron: lew-ten-I-zing)
c) estrogen
d) prolactin
ANSWER: C -- estrogen
Multiple Choice: Nitrogen fixation is accomplished by:
a) plants
b) bacteria
c) animals
d) viruses
ANSWER: B -- bacteria
Multiple Choice: The vesicles formed via the process known as phagocytosis (pron: fag-eh-seh-toe-sis) are called:
a) lysosomes (pron: lye-sah-somes: somes rhymes with homes)
b) Golgi apparatus
c) food vacuoles
d) mitochondria (pron: my-toe-chon-dria) ANSWER: C -- FOOD VACUOLES
Multiple Choice: Of the following three substances, which provides the LEAST source of energy for the body?
a) protein
b) fats
c) carbohydrates ANSWER: A -- proteins
Multiple Choice: Type A blood contains isohemaglutinins against which red cells?
a) type A
b) type B
c) type O
d) type G
ANSWER: A -- type A
Multiple Choice: Which cell count tends to be elevated when an individual has an allergy or parasitic worms?
a) red blood cells
b) erythrocyte
c) eosinophil (pron: e-o-sin-o-fill)
d) platelet
ANSWER: C -- eosinophil
Multiple Choice: Veins tend to have the following except:
a) valves for unidirectional flow
b) very elastic walls
c) thin walls
d) increasing size toward the heart ANSWER: B -- very elastic walls
Multiple Choice: Gallstones are most often the result of:
a) gallbladder irritation
b) eating cherries and swallowing the pits
c) precipitation of cholesterol
d) accumulated bile pigment
ANSWER: C -- precipitation of cholesterol
Multiple Choice: The loss of water by plants in the form of vapor i called:
a) evaporation
b) transpiration
c) evapotranspiration
d) vaporization
ANSWER: C -- evapotranspiration
Multiple Choice: Sponges are included in which of the following phyla?
a) Cnidaria (pron: nid-air-e-ah)
b) Porifera
c) Reptilia
d) Foraminifera (pron: feh-ram-eh-nif-eh-rah) ANSWER: B -- PORIFERA
Short Answer: Name the tendon in humans which attaches the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles to the calcaneum or heel bone.
ANSWER: Achilles Tendon
Short Answer: What is the normal pH of human blood?
ANSWER: 7.4
BIOL-91: Short Answer: Myosin is one of two proteins that make up the myofibrils of striated muscles. Name the other protein.
ANSWER: Actin
Short Answer: Part of the endocrine system in humans, these two glands are small bodies located at the upper end of each kidney. While these glands perform a variety of functions, two of the most important are (1) control of the body's adjustment to an upright posture, and (2) accommodation of the body to intermittent rather than constant intake of food. Name these glands.
ANSWER: Adrenal Glands
Short Answer: Name the gelatin-like substance which is prepared fro various species of red algae growing in Asiatic waters. The prepared product appears in the form of cakes, coarse granules, long shreds or in thin sheets. It is used extensively alone or in combination with various nutritive substances, as a medium for culturing bacteria and various fungi
ANSWER: Agar-agar or just Agar
Short Answer: What is a partial or total loss of memory of a temporary or permanent nature known as?
ANSWER: Amnesia
Multiple Choice: All of the following are characteristic of amphibians EXCEPT:
a) moist skin
b) the absence of scales
c) metamorphosis
d) live in salt water
ANSWER: D -- live in salt water
Short Answer: What term is used to describe the procedure whereby a catheter is inserted into an individual's heart, a radio-opaque medium is injected, and x-ray images are made. The procedure is used to locate wher arteries are blocked and the degree to which the blockage has developed.
ANSWER: Angiography or Angiogram
Multiple Choice: Which of the following joints is formed by the articulation of the tibia, the malleolus of the fibula, and the convex surface of the talus. Is it the:
a) ankle
b) knee
c) elbow
d) wrist
ANSWER: A -- Ankle
Multiple Choice: A plant which completes its life cycle, from seed to seed, in a single growing season is known as:
a) perennial
b) cyclic
c) annual
d) circadian
ANSWER: C -- Annual
Multiple Choice: In flowers the terminal part of a stamen, containing the pollen sacs is known as the:
a) anther
b) style
c) filament
d) pistil
ANSWER: A -- Anther
Multiple Choice: The process of nuclear reorganization in protozoa in which the nucleus divides, each half undergoes a maturation, and the tw persisting functional nuclei reunite is known as:
a) autogamy
b) autolysis
c) autoregression
d) autotomy
ANSWER: A -- Autogamy
Multiple Choice: Of the following, which is NOT a bacterial disease Is it:
a) strep throat
b) herpes
c) Bubonic Plague
d) Diphtheria ANSWER: B -- herpes
Multiple Choice: Of the following, which is NOT a viral disease? I it:
a) Hepatitis
b) Chicken Pox
c) Tuberculosis
d) Rabies
ANSWER: C -- Tuberculosis
Multiple Choice: Most of the fungi commonly observed are members of this group of fungi, which includes toadstools, mushrooms and puffballs. This group of fungi is known as:
a) Phycomycetes (pron: fI-kO-my-seats)
b) Ascomycetes (pron: as-kO-my-seats)
c) Basidomycetes (pron: beh-sid-E-O-my-seats)
d) Plyocetes (pron: ply-O-seats) ANSWER: C -- Basidomycetes
Multiple Choice: Truffles, morels and the many yeasts which are basic to fermentation processes belong to this group of fungi. These fung are known as:
a) Phycomycetes
b) Ascomycetes
c) Basidomycetes
d) Plyocetes
ANSWER: B -- Ascomycetes
Multiple Choice: Many living organisms exhibit the unique property of producing visible light. What term is used to describe this phenomena?
ANSWER: Bioluminescence or photoluminescence
Multiple Choice: Many living organisms exhibit the unique property of producing visible light. The compound that is oxidized with subsequent light emission is usually referred to as luciferin. What is the enzyme which catalyzes the reaction known as?
ANSWER: Luciferase
Multiple Choice: The muscle which RAISES a bird's wing is known as the:
a) Pectoralis major
b) pectoralis minor
c) soleus
d) gluteus maximus
ANSWER: B -- pectoralis minor
Multiple Choice: The adult human of average age and size has approximately how many quarts of blood? Is it:
a) 4
b) 6
c) 8
d) 10
ANSWER: B -- 6
Multiple Choice: Once the erythrocytes enter the blood in humans, i is estimated that they have an average lifetime of how many days. Is it:
a) 10 days
b) 120 days
c) 200 days
d) 360 days
ANSWER: B -- 120 Days
Multiple Choice: Of the following, which mechanisms are important i the death of erythrocytes (pron: eh-rith-reh-sites) in human blood? Is it
a) phagocytosis (pron: fag-eh-seh-toe-sis)
b) hemolysis
c) mechanical damage
d) all of the above
ANSWER: D -- all of the above
Multiple Choice: Surplus red blood cells, needed to meet an emergency, are MAINLY stored in what organ of the human body? Is it the:
a) pancreas
b) spleen
c) liver
d) kidneys
ANSWER: B -- spleen
Multiple Choice: When a human donor gives a pint of blood, it usually requires how many weeks for the body RESERVE of red corpuscles to be replaced? Is it:
a) 1 week
b) 3 weeks
c) 7 weeks
d) 21 weeks
ANSWER: C -- 7 weeks
Short Answer: There are three substances found in human blood which carry oxygen and which begin with the letter "H". Name two of these substances.
ANSWER: Hemoglobin, Hemocyanin, Hemerythrin
BIOL-91 Multiple Choice: The several types of white blood cells are sometime collectively referred to as:
a) erythrocytes (pron: eh-rith-row-cites)
b) leukocytes (pron: lew-kah-cites)
c) erythroblasts (pron: eh-rith-rah-blast)
d) thrombocytes (pron: throm-bow-cites) ANSWER: B -- leukocytes
Multiple Choice: The condition in which there is a DECREASE in the number of white blood cells in humans is known as:
a) leukocytosis (pron: lew-kO-sigh-toe-sis)
b) leukopenia (pron: lew-kO-pea-nee-ah)
c) leukemia (pron: lew-kee-me-ah)
d) leukohyperia (pron: lew-kO-high-per-e-ah) ANSWER: B -- leukopenia
Multiple Choice: The smallest of the FORMED elements of the blood are the:
a) white cells
b) red cells
c) platelets
d) erythrocytes ANSWER: C -- platelets
Multiple Choice: Which of the following statements concerning platelets is INCORRECT. Platelets:
a) contain DNA
b) are roughly disk-shaped
c) have little ability to synthesize proteins
d) are between 1/2 and 1/3 the diameter of the red cell ANSWER: A -- contain DNA
Short Answer: What is the primary function of the platelets in huma blood?
ANSWER: clotting or blocking leaks from blood vessels
Multiple Choice: When a wound occurs in humans, the platelets in th blood activate a substance which starts the clotting process. The substance which starts the clotting is:
a) adenosine (pron: ah-den-ah-seen)
b) histamine
c) lecithin (pron: less-ah-thin)
d) thrombin
ANSWER: D -- Thrombin
Multiple Choice: When looking at the cross section of the human tibia, one finds the RED marrow in the:
a) medullary cavity
b) cancellous bone
c) periosteum
d) epiphysis
ANSWER: A -- medullary cavity
Multiple Choice: Lengthening of long bones in humans occurs in a particular area of the bone. This area is called the:
a) medullary canal
b) cancellous bone
c) periosteum (pron: per-E-ahs-tee-em)
d) epiphysis (pron: eh-pif-eh-sis) ANSWER: D -- Epiphysis
Multiple Choice: The part of the human brain which is an important relay station for the sensory impulses and also is the origin of many of the involuntary acts of the eye such as the narrowing of the pupil in bright light is the:
a) hypothalamus
b) midbrain
c) corpus callosum
d) cerebellum
ANSWER: B -- Midbrain
Multiple Choice: In the human brain, body temperature, metabolism, heart rate, sexual development, sleep and the body's use of fat and water are influenced by this region of the brain. This region of the brain is the:
a) hypothalamus
b) midbrain
c) corpus callosum
d) cerebellum
ANSWER: A -- hypothalamus
Multiple Choice: In which cerebral lobes is the speech center located? Is it the:
a) frontal
b) parietal
c) temporal
d) occipital
ANSWER: A -- frontal
Multiple Choice: In most axons, the myelin sheath is interrupted at intervals of about 1 millimeter or more. These interruptions are called the:
a) glial
b) nodes of Ranvier (pron: ron-vee-ay)
c) collaterals
d) nodes of Babinet
ANSWER: B -- Nodes of Ranvier
Short Answer: Mosses and liverworts comprise this subdivision of plants. Name this plant subdivision.
ANSWER: Bryophytes (pron: bry-eh-fites) or Bryophyta
Short Answer: This disease, caused by infection with the gram-negative Yersinia pestis, is transmitted by fleas from rats to humans What is the more common name for this disease?
ANSWER: Bubonic Plague or Black Death
Short Answer: In the mammalian body, this element plays many important roles. Try to identify this element with the fewest number of clues. This element is required to insure the integrity and permeability of cell membranes, to regulate nerve and muscle excitability, to help maintain normal muscular contraction, and to assure cardiac rhythmicity. It also plays a essential role in several of the enzymatic steps involved in blood coagulation and is the most important element of bone salt. Name this element.
ANSWER: Calcium
Multiple Choice: What eight-letter name starting with the letter "O" is given to that branch of medical science concerned with the study of tumors?
ANSWER: Oncology
Short Answer: In the more highly developed animals, such as humans this gas is used to regulate the activity of the heart, the blood vessels, and the respiratory system. WORKING MUSCLES PRODUCE A LARGE AMOUNT OF THI SUBSTANCE. Narcosis due to this gas is characterized by mental disturbances which can include confusion, headache, low blood pressure and hypothermia. Name this gas.
ANSWER: Carbon Dioxide or CO2
Multiple Choice: Cariology is the study of the:
a) human heart
b) tooth decay
c) kidneys
d) liver
ANSWER: B -- Tooth Decay
Multiple Choice: Various types of cartilage can be found in the huma Short Answer: The larval form of butterflies and moths is more commonly known as what?
ANSWER: caterpillar
BIOL-91 Short Answer: Name the sac-like, blind pouch of the large intestine, situated below the level of the junction of the small intestine into the side of the large intestine. At the lower portion of this pouch one finds the appendix.
ANSWER: Cecum or Caecum
Multiple Choice: During the final stage of cell division, the mitotic apparatus disappears, the chromosomes become attenuated, the centrioles duplicate and split, the nuclear membrane becomes reconstituted and the nucleolus reappears. This phase of cell division is known as:
a) prophase (pron: prO-phase)
b) metaphase
c) anaphase
d) telophase
ANSWER: D -- Telophase
Multiple Choice: In cell division, the phase following the metaphas is known as:
a) prophase
b) anaphase
c) telophase
d) extophase
ANSWER: B -- Anaphase
Short Answer: All cells of an organism find their lineage from a single fertilized cell. This single fertilized cell is called what?
ANSWER: Zygote
Multiple Choice: Name the clear watery liquid that surrounds the brain and spinal cord and fills the four cavities or ventricles of the brain.
ANSWER: Cerebrospinal Fluid
Multiple Choice: The order of insects which includes beetles is known as:
a) Coleoptera (pron: kO-lee-op-teh-rah)
b) Orthoptera (pron: or-tho-op-teh-rah)
c) Hymenoptera (pron: high-meh-nop-teh-rah)
d) Diptera (pron: dip-teh-rah) ANSWER: A -- Coleoptera
Multiple Choice: This major protein component of connective tissue in mammals comprises most of the organic matter of skin, tendons, bones, and teeth, and occurs as fibrous inclusions in most other body structures. Is this material:
a) elastin
b) collagen
c) fatty acids
d) keratin
ANSWER: B -- collagen
Multiple Choice: Sickle cell anemia and Huntington's chorea are both:
a) virus-related diseases
b) bacteria-related diseases
c) congenital disorders
d) none of the above
ANSWER: C -- Congenital Disorders
Multiple Choice: In most species of Paramecium there are how many contractile vacuoles? Is it:
a) one
b) two
c) three
d) four
ANSWER: B -- Two
Multiple Choice: The major fibrous proteins are:
a) peptone and edestin
b) glutelin and leucine
c) valine and lysine
d) myosin and actin
ANSWER: D -- Myosin and Actin
Short Answer: Name the outer portion of a stem or root, bounded externally by the epidermis, and internally by the cells of the pericycle.
ANSWER: Cortex
Multiple Choice: Costal cartilage:
a) attach the ribs to the sternum
b) cover the ends of the femur
c) is found in the pinna of the ear
d) forms the intervertebral disks of the backbone ANSWER: A -- Attach the ribs to the sternum
Multiple Choice: From which grandparent or grandparents did you inherit your mitochondria (pron: my-toe-chon-dria)? Is it your:
a) mother's parents
b) paternal grandfather
c) grand mothers
d) maternal grandmother
ANSWER: D -- maternal grandmother
Multiple Choice: Which of the following are NOT part of a neuron?
a) synapse
b) axon
c) Nissl bodies
d) dendrite
ANSWER: A -- SYNAPSE
Multiple Choice: The resting potential of a neuron is dependent on what two ions?
a) lead and calcium ions
b) calcium and phosphate ions
c) sodium and potassium ions
d) potassium and phosphate ions ANSWER: C -- sodium and potassium ions
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a type of neuron?
a) sensory
b) motor
c) association
d) stimulatory
ANSWER: D -- STIMULATORY
Multiple Choice: Melatonin (pron: mel-eh-toe-nin) is produced by the:
a) skin
b) pineal gland
c) liver
d) pituitary gland
ANSWER: B -- PINEAL GLAND
Multiple Choice: Which of the following statements is TRUE of insulin? Is it:
a) secreted by the pancreas
b) a protein
c) involved in the metabolism of glucose
d) all of the above
ANSWER: D -- ALL OF THE ABOVE
Multiple Choice: Select the hormone INCORRECTLY paired with its target.
a) TSH - thyroid gland
b) ACTH - anterior pituitary
c) LH - ovary or testis
d) MSH - melanocytes (pron: meh-lan-o-cite) ANSWER: D -- MSH - MELANOCYTES
Multiple Choice: Which of the following tissues secrete hormones?
a) pancreas
b) ovaries
c) gastro-intestinal tract
d) all of the above
ANSWER: D -- ALL OF THE ABOVE
Multiple Choice: Which of the following structures is directly attached to the ovary?
a) oviduct
b) uterus
c) suspensory ligaments
d) vagina
ANSWER: C -- SUSPENSORY LIGAMENTS
Multiple Choice: Fertilization of the ovum by the sperm usually occurs in the:
a) oviduct
b) vagina
c) uterus
d) ovary
ANSWER: A -- OVIDUCT
Multiple Choice: The corpeus luteum secretes:
a) HCG
b) LH
c) FSH
d) progesterone
ANSWER: D -- PROGESTERONE
Multiple Choice: Which of the following does sperm NOT travel through?
a) ureter
b) urethra
c) vas deferens
d) epididymus
ANSWER: A -- URETER
Multiple Choice: The placenta in humans is derived from the:
a) embryo only
b) uterus only
c) endometrium and embryo
d) none of the above
ANSWER: C -- ENDOMETRIUM AND EMBRYO
Multiple Choice: The number of mature gametes resulting from meiosi in the female is:
a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 4
ANSWER: A -- 1
Multiple Choice: Synapsis and crossing over of chromosomes occurs i which phases of meiosis?
a) Interphase
b) Prophase
c) Meterphase
d) Teleophase
ANSWER: B -- PROPHASE
Multiple Choice: A layer of dead skin cells is found in the:
a) subcutaneous tissue
b) dermis
c) epidermis
d) no dead cells are in the skin ANSWER: C -- EPIDERMIS
Multiple Choice: Glial (pron: glee-el) cells are found in the:
a) muscular system
b) digestive system
c) endocrine system (pron: en-de-kren)
d) nervous system
ANSWER: D -- NERVOUS SYSTEM
Multiple Choice: Myelin sheaths are found:
a) surrounding tendons
b) covering the brain
c) covering muscles
d) around axons of neurons
ANSWER: D -- AROUND AXONS OF NEURONS
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is an INCORRECT statement about the parasympathetic system?
a) It increases digestive action.
b) It is the fight or flight system.
c) slows breathing rate
d) establishes resting state
ANSWER: B -- IT IS THE FIGHT OR FLIGHT SYSTEM.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a component of the human axial skeleton?
a) sternum
b) vertebral column
c) tarsals
d) skull
ANSWER: C -- TARSALS
Multiple Choice: Phalanges are found in the:
a) feet
b) skull
c) hip
d) chest
ANSWER: A -- FEET
Multiple Choice: The phase of contraction of a muscle occurs when:
a) tropomyosin binds and releases actin
b) myosin binds and releases actin
c) actin binds and releases myosin
d) none of the above
ANSWER: B -- MYOSIN BINDS AND RELEASES ACTIN
Multiple Choice: Select the INCORRECT statement concerning the muscular system.
a) Bones contact other bones at joints.
b) Flexors decrease the angle of a joint.
c) Adductors move a limb away from the midline.
d) Tendons attach muscle to bone.
ANSWER: C -- ADDUCTORS MOVE A LIMB AWAY FROM THE MIDLINE.
Multiple Choice: Which type of muscle is a syncytium (pron: sin-sish-E-um)?
a) skeletal
b) cardiac
c) smooth
d) all of the above ANSWER: A -- SKELETAL
Multiple Choice: When the potential difference across a membrane of a neuron equals the threshold, what results?
a) movement of the membrane
b) action potential
c) relaxation
d) contraction
ANSWER: B -- ACTION POTENTIAL
Multiple Choice: What ions determine the resting potential of a nerve?
a) sodium and calcium
b) calcium and copper
c) potassium and calcium
d) sodium and potassium
ANSWER: D -- SODIUM AND POTASSIUM
Multiple Choice: Which structure does NOT play a part in the motion of cells?
a) microvilli
b) cilia
c) flagella
d) pseudopodia
ANSWER: A -- MICROVILLI
Multiple Choice: Bacteriophage (pron: back-teer-e-o-faj) are:
a) bacteria
b) bacteria precursors
c) viruses
d) agents which cause the production of bacteria ANSWER: C -- VIRUSES
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a mode of genetic exchange within a bacterial population?
a) conjugation
b) transduction
c) transformation
d) translation
ANSWER: D -- TRANSLATION
Multiple Choice: The blastula develops into the:
a) gastrula
b) morula
c) endoderm
d) zygote
ANSWER: A -- GASTRULA
Multiple Choice: Tissue differentiation begins at which stage?
a) zygote
b) morula
c) blastula
d) gastrula
ANSWER: D -- GASTRULA
Multiple Choice: The nervous system develops from which germ layer?
a) ectoderm
b) mesoderm
c) endoderm
d) none of the above ANSWER: A -- ECTODERM
Multiple Choice: During inspiration, the diaphragm moves:
a) down by contraction
b) down by relaxation
c) up by contraction
d) up by relaxation
ANSWER: A -- DOWN BY CONTRACTION
Multiple Choice: The valve between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery is the:
a) mitral valve
b) semilunar valve
c) bicuspid valve
d) tricuspid valve
ANSWER: A -- SEMILUNAR VALVE
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a function of the kidney?
a) excretion of urea
b) regulation of fluids and electrolytes
c) elimination of toxic substances
d) defecation
ANSWER: D -- DEFECATION
Multiple Choice: When CO2 (carbon dioxide) is dissolved in water, i yields a solution that:
a) has acidic properties
b) has basic properties
c) is neutral
ANSWER: A -- HAS ACIDIC PROPERTIES
Multiple Choice: Digestion of carbohydrates begins where?
a) small intestines
b) colon
c) mouth
d) stomach
ANSWER: C -- MOUTH
Multiple Choice: Digestion of PROTEINS begins in which of the following human organs?
a) small intestines
b) colon
c) mouth
d) stomach
ANSWER: D -- STOMACH
Multiple Choice: Bile has what function in digestion?
a) emulsify lipids
b) digest proteins
c) gluconeogenesis (pron: glue-ko-nee-o-gen-e-sis)
d) digest carbohydrates
ANSWER: A -- EMULSIFY LIPIDS
Multiple Choice: Of the following, which is a basic need of all living things?
a) oxygen gas
b) light
c) hydrogen gas
d) water
ANSWER: D -- WATER
Multiple Choice: A botanist is most likely to study:
a) Monerans
b) Protistans (pron: pro-tis-tans)
c) Fungi
d) Virions
ANSWER: C -- FUNGI
Multiple Choice: A virus must do what to reproduce?
a) form a latent virus
b) undergo transformation
c) infect a cell
d) conjugate
ANSWER: C -- INFECT A CELL
Multiple Choice: The chromosomes of a eukaryotic cell are located i the:
a) mitochondria (pron: my-toe-kon-dria)
b) nucleus
c) ribosome
d) endoplasma
ANSWER: B -- NUCLEUS
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is an example of symbiosis?
a) lichen
b) slime mold
c) amoeba
d) moss
ANSWER: A -- LICHEN
Multiple Choice: Oxygen enters the body of a grasshopper through:
a) gills
b) spinnerets
c) spiracles
d) book lungs
ANSWER: C -- SPIRACLES
Multiple Choice: A heart with a single atrium and single ventricle is a characteristic of adult:
a) amphibians
b) arthropods
c) birds
d) fish
ANSWER: D -- FISH
Short Answer: This organ is a thick multi-layered structure which i richly endowed
with blood vessels. It is also the largest organ of the Short Answer: Name the four main excretory organs identified in man
ANSWER: SKIN, KIDNEYS, LUNGS, INTESTINAL TRACT
Multiple Choice: The physical appearance and properties of an organism which is the expression of the genetic makeup is called the:
a) phenotype
b) pangenesis
c) parental trait
d) genotype
ANSWER: A -- PHENOTYPE
Short Answer: How many nucleotides make up a codon (pron: kO-don)?
ANSWER: 3
Multiple Choice: The complex of sugar polymers and proteins which are patchily distributed on the plasma membranes of animal cells is called
a) cellulose
b) chitin
c) glyocalyx
d) cytoskeleton
ANSWER: C -- GLYOCALYX
Short Answer: During cellular respiration, glucose is oxidized completely to what two compounds?
ANSWER: CO2 (CARBON DIOXIDE) AND H2O (WATER)
Multiple Choice: Organisms with cells containing two sets of parental chromosomes are called:
a) diploid
b) bisomal
c) haploid
d) autosomal
ANSWER: A -- DIPLOID
Multiple Choice: The type of gene interaction in which the effects of one gene override or mask the effects of other entirely different genes is called:
a) linkage
b) mutation
c) pleitropy (pron: ply-ah-tropy)
d) epistasis (pron: eh-pis-te-sis) ANSWER: D -- EPISTASIS
Multiple Choice: For which of the following creatures is fat the greatest percentage of body weight?
a) termite
b) blue whale
c) zebra
d) female lion
ANSWER: B -- BLUE WHALE
Multiple Choice: Which is false regarding freshwater fish?
a) their blood is hypertonic to their environment
b) they often actively take up salt
c) they excrete urine hypotonic to the blood
d) their gills actively excrete salts
ANSWER: D -- THEIR GILLS ACTIVELY EXCRETE SALTS
Multiple Choice: Neutral fats, oils and waxes may be classified as:
a) lipids
b) carbohydrates
c) proteins
d) none of the above ANSWER: A -- LIPIDS
Short Answer: Name three basic morphologies of bacteria.
ANSWER: (1) COCCI (COCCUS), (2) BACILLI (BACILLUS) or ROD,
(3) SPIROCHETES or SPIRILLA or SPIRAL
Short Answer: What is the name of the 6 carbon monosaccharide that is the universal cellular fuel of plants and animals?
ANSWER: GLUCOSE (DEXTROSE)
Multiple Choice: During which phase of the cell cycle are normal components of the cell synthesized and assembled?
a) the M phase
b) the G1 phase
c) the S phase
d) the G2 phase
ANSWER: B -- THE G1 PHASE
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a characteristic shared by most of the members of the kingdom plantae?
a) they are multicellular
b) they are nonmotile
c) they possess bilateral symmetry
d) there is an alternation of haploid and diploid generations ANSWER: C -- THEY POSSESS BILATERAL SYMMETRY
Short Answer: Name THREE types of muscle tissue found in the human Short Answer: If an individual has two dissimilar alleles for a trait, with regard to that trait he is said to be:
ANSWER: HETEROZYGOUS
Short Answer: How many chromosomes per cell does a Down's Syndrome (trisomy
21) victim have?
ANSWER: 47
Short Answer: If a male who is heterozygous for an autosomal trait mates with a female who is also heterozygous for that trait, what percent of their offspring are likely to be heterozygous for this trait as well?
ANSWER: 50%
Short Answer: The monomers from which proteins are built are called ANSWER: AMINO ACIDS
Short Answer: The polysaccharide which is the primary energy storag material in plants is:
ANSWER: STARCH
Multiple Choice: The major divisions of behavior are:
a) reflex and conditioning
b) innate and learned
c) habituation and trial and error
d) taxis and biorhythm
ANSWER: B -- INNATE AND LEARNED
Multiple Choice: Motivation:
a) is not dependent upon the internal physiological state.
b) is not required for innate behavior.
c) is required for learned behavior.
d) all of these
ANSWER: C -- IS REQUIRED FOR LEARNED BEHAVIOR.
Multiple Choice: Innate behavior differs from learned behavior by the former being:
a) highly modifiable by external factors.
b) slightly modifiable by external factors.
c) totally modifiable by external factors.
d) completely immodifiable
ANSWER: B -- SLIGHTLY MODIFIABLE BY EXTERNAL FACTORS.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a type of learned behavior?
a) habituation
b) fixed action patterns
c) conditioning
d) imprinting
ANSWER: B -- FIXED ACTION PATTERNS
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a type of intraspecific competition?
a) territoriality
b) mutualism
c) hierarchies
d) pecking orders
ANSWER: B -- MUTUALISM
Multiple Choice: "Two different species cannot occupy the same nich for long" is a statement of the:
a) Hardy-Weinberg Law
b) Darwin's Theory of Natural Selection
c) Competitive Exclusion Principle
d) Einstein's Theory of Relativity
ANSWER: C -- COMPETITIVE EXCLUSION PRINCIPLE
Multiple Choice: Parasitism at its extremes is similar to:
a) commensalism and mutualism
b) predation and mutualism
c) mutualism and habituation
d) commensalism and predation
ANSWER: D -- COMMENSALISM AND PREDATION
Multiple Choice: Functions of territoriality are:
a) spacing members of a species.
b) decreasing competition among members of a species.
c) increasing social stability of a species.
d) all of the above
ANSWER: D -- ALL OF THE ABOVE
Multiple Choice: Homozygous refers to:
a) similar types of chromosomes
b) having similar functions on an evolutionary basis
c) particles in solution that are inseparable
d) having identical alleles for a given gene
ANSWER: D -- HAVING IDENTICAL ALLELES FOR A GIVEN GENE
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a component of chromosomes?
a) histones
b) non-histone proteins
c) DNA
d) RNA
ANSWER: D -- RNA
Multiple Choice: Cell membranes are composed of:
a) proteins
b) plasmids
c) nucleopores
d) lysosomes
ANSWER: A -- PROTEINS
Multiple Choice: Between the layers of phospholipids in a cell membrane, there is an area that is:
a) hydrophobic (pron: high-dro-fo-bick)
b) hydrophillic (pron: high-dro-fill-ick)
c) hygroscopic (pron: high-grow-scop-ick)
d) hygrolipic (pron: high-grow-lip-ick) ANSWER: A -- HYDROPHOBIC
Multiple Choice: The random movement of particles in solution towar a uniform distribution is termed:
a) osmosis
b) repulsion
c) diffusion
d) facilitated diffusion ANSWER: C -- DIFFUSION
Multiple Choice: In osmosis the flow of SOLVENT moves in what direction of tonicity?
a) isotonic to hypotonic
b) hypotonic to hypertonic
c) hypertonic to isotonic
d) hypertonic to hypotonic
ANSWER: B -- HYPOTONIC TO HYPERTONIC
Multiple Choice: If a red blood cell is placed in a hypotonic solution, it:
a) swells
b) shrinks
c) crenates
d) remains the same ANSWER: A -- SWELLS
Multiple Choice: Substances insoluble in a membrane are carried across the membrane with the concentration gradient by means of a carrier molecule in a process known as:
a) osmosis.
b) diffusion.
c) active transport.
d) facilitated diffusion.
ANSWER: D -- FACILITATED DIFFUSION.
Short Answer: The process of moving molecules against an electro-chemical gradient is:
ANSWER: ACTIVE TRANSPORT
Multiple Choice: Invagination by a cell membrane forming a vesicle around a solid particle is a:
a) lysosome
b) phagocytosis (pron: fag-o-sigh-toe-sis)
c) pinocytosis (pron: pin-o-sigh-toe-sis)
d) peroxisomes (pron: pay-rak-se-som) ANSWER: B -- PHAGOCYTOSIS
Short Answer: Which organelle is referred to as "the Power House of the cell"?
ANSWER: MITOCHONDRIA
Multiple Choice: The difference between smooth and rough endoplasmi reticulum is the lack of:
a) ATP
b) proteins
c) ribosomes
d) peroxisomes
ANSWER: C -- RIBOSOMES
Multiple Choice: Which organelle has been shown to contain DNA?
a) Ribosome
b) Mitochondria
c) Golgi Apparatus
d) none of the above
ANSWER: B -- MITOCHONDRIA
Multiple Choice: The chloroplast carries out:
a) photosynthesis
b) reproduction
c) secretion
d) packaging
ANSWER: A -- PHOTOSYNTHESIS
Short Answer: What phylum do insects belong to?
ANSWER: ARTHROPODA (pron: are-throw-po-da)
Short Answer: If two brown haired parents, with recessive genes for blonde hair, have children, what are the chances of them having a blonde baby?
ANSWER: 25%
Short Answer: What is the formal name for the heaviest muscle in th human body, and helps extend the thigh?
ANSWER: GLUTEUS MAXIMUS
Short Answer: Protozoans living within the digestive tract of a termite and digesting the cellulose the termite takes in is an example what?
ANSWER: MUTUALISM
Short Answer: The development of an egg without fertilization by a sperm is referred to as:
ANSWER: PARTHENOGENESIS
Multiple Choice: Which of the following blood types is referred to as the universal RECIPIENT?
a) A
b) AB
c) O
d) B
ANSWER: B -- AB
Short Answer: What term beginning with the letter O is used to describe cancer-causing genes originally derived from animal or plant cells?
ANSWER: ONCOGENES
Multiple Choice: Exchange of oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients and waste products from mother to fetus occurs through diffusion across the:
a) chorionic villi (pron: core-e-on-ick villi)
b) endometrium
c) corpus luteum
d) colostrum
ANSWER: A -- CHORIONIC VILLI
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT hormone associated with male reproductive physiology:
a) testosterone
b) prolactin
c) interstitial hormone
d) follicle-stimulating hormone ANSWER: B -- PROLACTIN
Short Answer: A codon consists of three nucleotides. There are fou possible nucleotides, each of which has an equal probability of being in any one of the three spots. How many possible codons exist?
ANSWER: 64
Multiple Choice: Genetic elements that can replicate independently of the cell's chromosomes are called:
a) clones
b) episomes
c) repressors
d) promotors
ANSWER: B -- EPISOMES
Multiple Choice: Humans can produce energy by:
a) anaerobic respiration
b) aerobic respiration
c) neither anaerobic nor aerobic respiration
d) both anaerobic and aerobic respiration
ANSWER: D -- BOTH ANAEROBIC AND AEROBIC RESPIRATION
Short Answer: What is the final product of glycolysis?
ANSWER: PYRUVATE or PYRUVIC ACID
Short Answer: Gluconeogenesis (pron: glue-ko-nee-o-gen-e-sis) occur in which organ?
ANSWER: LIVER
Short Answer: Name a pyrimidine (pron: pie-rim-eh-den) base.
ANSWER: THYMINE or CYTOSINE or URACIL
Short Answer: Adenine binds to which base in an RNA molecule?
ANSWER: URACIL
Short Answer: What element carries the oxygen in hemoglobin?
ANSWER: IRON
Short Answer: What is the last phase of mitosis?
ANSWER: TELOPHASE
Multiple Choice: Approximately how many different types of cells make up the human body?
a) 200
b) 100
c) 80
d) 50
ANSWER: A -- 200
Short Answer: In a seed, what structure contains a food supply for plant growth?
ANSWER: COTYLEDON (pron: cot-el-ed-on)
Short Answer: All bacteria belong to which kingdom?
ANSWER: MONERA
Multiple Choice: An aggregate fruit is best represented by:
a) tomatoes
b) raspberries
c) plums
d) pears
ANSWER: B -- RASPBERRIES
Multiple Choice: Spiders are members of what class?
a) Diplopoda (pron: dip-low-poe-da)
b) Insecta
c) Chilopoda (pron: Ki-low-poe-da)
d) Arachnida (pron: a-rak-ne-da) ANSWER: D -- ARACHNIDA
Short Answer: What is the agricultural importance of legume crops?
ANSWER: Able to fix nitrogen or with bacteria can fix nitrogen
Multiple Choice: What vascular tissue brings water and minerals to the leaves?
a) phloem (pron: flow-em)
b) xylem
c) cambium
d) rhizomes (pron: rye-zom) ANSWER: B -- XYLEM
Short Answer: In what organ in the human body would you find the glomerulus, Bowman's capsule, the loop of Henle and the collecting duct?
ANSWER: KIDNEY
Short Answer: The maintenance of a relatively constant internal environment despite external fluctuations is known as what process?
ANSWER: HOMEOSTASIS
Short Answer: Which digestive organ is a storage sac for the greenish fluid called bile?
ANSWER: GALL BLADDER
Short Answer: Which vitamin is involved in visual pigment formation ANSWER: VITAMIN A or BETA CAROTENE or CAROTENE
Short Answer: Name the four basic taste sensations detected by humans.
ANSWER: SWEET, SALTY, BITTER AND SOUR
Multiple Choice: An animal which consumes plant and animal matter i called:
a) a carnivore
b) a saprophytic (pron: sap-roe-fit-ick)
c) an omnivore
d) an herbivore
ANSWER: C -- AN OMNIVORE
Short Answer: A term meaning variable body temperature that describes animals which are often referred to as "cold-blooded" is:
ANSWER: POIKILOTHERMIC (pron: po-key-low-ther-mick)
Short Answer: Animals whose activity peaks at night are called NOCTURNAL. What term is used to describe animals active during the day?
ANSWER: DIURNAL
Short Answer: What are the two types of photoreceptors in the vertebrate eye called?
ANSWER: RODS and CONES
Short Answer: A phenomenon in which repeated exposure to an environmental stimulus lessens an animal's responsiveness to it is known as:
ANSWER: HABITUATION
Short Answer: Protein synthesis occurs in cells on the: ANSWER: ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
Short Answer: In what organ in the human body is insulin produced?
ANSWER: PANCREAS
Multiple Choice: The name of the plane that bisects the anatomical figure from top to bottom and front to back:
a) sagittal
b) medial
c) coronal
d) pariental
ANSWER: A -- SAGITTAL
Multiple Choice: Sharks are:
a) amphibians
b) bony fish
c) cartilaginous fish (pron: kart-el-aj-eh-nes)
d) reptiles
ANSWER: C -- CARTILAGINOUS FISH
Multiple Choice: Eggs leave the female bird's body through the:
a) oviduct
b) cloaca
c) syrinx (pron: sir-inks)
d) urinary tract ANSWER: B -- CLOACA
Multiple Choice: Competition for resources between two different species is called:
a) predation
b) interspecific competition
c) intraspecific competition
d) competitive exclusion
ANSWER: B -- INTERSPECIFIC COMPETITION
Short Answer: What is the scientific name for the voice box in a human?
ANSWER: LARYNX
Short Answer: Saliva is secreted into the mouth of humans by three paired glands. Name any two of these three paired glands.
ANSWER: PAROTID, SUBMAXILLARY, AND SUBLINGUAL
Multiple Choice: What kind of acid is found in ants?
a) acetic
b) formic
c) nitric
d) glutamic
ANSWER: B -- FORMIC
Short Answer: Name the type of cell division in which the two resulting cells carry only half the original number of chromosomes.
ANSWER: MEIOSIS (pron: my-o-sis)
Short Answer: In biological classification, Homo Sapiens (pron: ho-moe say-pee-ens) belongs in which order?
ANSWER: PRIMATE or PRIMATA
Short Answer: The name Joseph Merrick, subject of "The Elephant Man", is commonly associated with one disorder, though it now seems likely he actually suffered from a different disorder. Name either one of the disorders.
ANSWER: NEUROFIBROMATOSIS or PROTEUS SYNDROME
Short Answer: Name the genus of which the fossil called "Lucy" is a member.
ANSWER: AUSTRALOPITHECUS
Short Answer: Down's Syndrome most often results from the presence of a third copy of which chromosome?
ANSWER: CHROMOSOME 21
Short Answer: What chemical do mammals use for export of excess nitrogen?
ANSWER: UREA
Short Answer: What chemical do birds use for export of excess nitrogen?
ANSWER: URIC ACID
Short Answer: To which biological phylum do the flatworms belong?
ANSWER: PLATYHELMINTHES
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is an example of striated tissue?
a) muscle
b) nervous
c) epithelial (pron: ep-a-THEE-lee-al)
d) connective
ANSWER: A -- MUSCLE
Multiple Choice: Squamous cell tissue is an example of which type of tissue?
a) muscle
b) nervous
c) epithelial (pron: ep-a-THEE-lee-al)
d) connective
ANSWER: C -- EPITHELIAL
Multiple Choice: What type of tissue is bone tissue?
a) muscle
b) nervous
c) epithelial (pron: ep-a-THEE-lee-al)
d) connective
ANSWER: D -- CONNECTIVE
Multiple Choice: Chemical regulation of the body involves which system:
a) lymphatic
b) respiratory
c) circulatory
d) nervous
e) endocrine
ANSWER: E -- ENDOCRINE
Multiple Choice: Which of the following human digestive enzymes is incorrectly matched to its substrate?
a) pepsin - protein
b) trypsin - starch (pron: TRIP-sin)
c) pancreatic amylase - starch (pron: AM-i-lase)
d) lipase - fat
e) maltase - maltose.
ANSWER: B -- TRYPSIN - STARCH
Multiple Choice: Which of the following statements does NOT apply to arteries when comparing them to veins:
a) have thick walls
b) carry blood away from heart
c) highly elastic walls
d) have valves.
ANSWER: D -- HAVE VALVES
Multiple Choice: In general, valves in the circulatory system:
a) permit blood to circulate rapidly
b) prevent blood from moving too rapidly
c) prevent blood from flowing in the wrong direction
d) stop the circulation whenever necessary
ANSWER: C -- PREVENT BLOOD FROM FLOWING IN THE WRONG DIRECTION
Multiple Choice: At the end of the ventricular contraction, the maximum arterial pressure is attained, and blood flow is most rapid. This is correctly termed the:
a) arterial maximum
b) gluteus maximum
c) diastolic pressure
d) systolic pressure
ANSWER: D -- SYSTOLIC PRESSURE
Multiple Choice: What is the name of the blood vessels to the legs?
a) mesenteric (pron: mez-en-TARE-ik)
b) coronary
c) renal
d) iliac (pron: IL-ee-ak)
e) hepatic
ANSWER: D -- ILIAC
Multiple Choice: A chronic disease of the liver in which fat deposits and scar tissue replace normal cells is:
a) cirrhosis
b) hepatitis
c) constipation
d) vitamin deficiency ANSWER: A -- CIRRHOSIS
Multiple Choice: Which of these is specifically responsible for antibody-mediated immunity?
a) T cells
b) B cells
c) platelets
d) All of the above ANSWER: B -- B CELLS
Multiple Choice: The AIDS viruses specifically attack which kind of cell?
a) B cells
b) helper T cells
c) killer T cells
d) macrophages
ANSWER: B -- HELPER T CELLS
Multiple Choice: Most of the carbon dioxide picked up by the blood in the tissues:
a) dissolves in the plasma
b) unites with hemoglobin
c) forms microscopic bubbles
d) diffuses into the alveoli
ANSWER: A -- DISSOLVES IN THE PLASMA
Multiple Choice: The sodium/potassium pump is primarily responsible for the:
a) resting potential
b) action potential
c) excretion of salts
d) contraction of muscle fibers ANSWER: A -- RESTING POTENTIAL
Multiple Choice: Excess secretion from this gland can cause a person to be thin, hyperactive, always hungry, & irritable.
a) adrenal cortex
b) thyroid
c) anterior pituitary
d) adrenal medulla ANSWER: B -- THYROID
Multiple Choice: Hormones which function in sending chemical signal between two or more individuals are known as:
a) leucomones
b) pheromones (pron: fair-oh-moans)
c) comones
ANSWER: B -- PHEROMONES
Multiple Choice: Which term would be used to describe an animal which has adapted to a tree-dwelling mode of life?
a) deciduous (pron: de-SID-you-us)
b) dendritic
c) arboreal (pron: ar-BOR-e-al)
d) sessile (pron: SESS-ile) ANSWER: C -- ARBOREAL
Multiple Choice: Which term is used to describe an animal which limits it's activity to periods of dim light at dawn and dusk?
a) diurnal (pron: die-ER-nal)
b) crepuscular (pron: kri-PUSS-kyule-ar)
c) vesperal (pron: VESS-per-al)
d) none of the above
ANSWER: B -- CREPUSCULAR
Multiple Choice: Exoskeletons DO NOT provide:
a) sites for muscle attachment
b) support for the organism
c) unlimited growth potential
d) protection of the organism
ANSWER: C -- UNLIMITED GROWTH POTENTIAL
Multiple Choice: Which of the following describes the type of fruit characterized as a simple, dry, one-seeded indehiscent (pron: in-deh-HISS-ent) fruit with seed attached to one ovary wall at only one point. Is it:
a) drupe
b) achene (pron: AY-keen)
c) glume (pron: gloom)
d) none of the above ANSWER: B -- ACHENE
Short Answer: What scientific name is given to the central organ of the flower, typically consisting of a style, stigma, and ovary?
ANSWER: PISTIL
Short Answer: In plants, the external group of tissues, from the cambium outward, of a woody stem or root is known as what?
ANSWER: BARK
Short Answer: What is the carbohydrate which forms the wall of plan cells?
ANSWER: CELLULOSE
Multiple Choice: In a plant, the layer of persistently meristematic tissue, giving rise to secondary tissues, resulting in growth in diameter is which of the following?
a) bark
b) cambium
c) capsule
ANSWER: B -- CAMBIUM
Multiple Choice: In studies of trees, one finds just one leaf bud and one leaf at each node on a walnut twig. This arrangement of leaf bud and leaf is known as:
a) alternate
b) opposite
c) whorled
d) none of the above
ANSWER: A -- ALTERNATE
Short Answer: Many plants have two leaves directly across from each other at each node, and a bud in the axil of each leaf. Name the term use in plant studies to describe this leaf arrangement.
ANSWER: OPPOSITE
Multiple Choice: In studies of trees, when three or more leaves and buds occur at each node, leaf arrangement and bud arrangement are said to be:
a) whorled
b) opposite
c) alternate
d) varying
ANSWER: A -- WHORLED
Multiple Choice: Liverworts and mosses are characterized by their lack of vascular conducting tissue. These two groups of plants, liverwort and mosses, are known by which of the following terms:
a) thallophytes (pron: THAL-o-fights)
b) gymnosperms (pron: JIM-na-sperms)
c) bryophytes (pron: BRIE-o-fights)
d) none of the above
ANSWER: C -- BRYOPHYTES
Multiple Choice: In studies of plants, which of the following are thallophytes?
a) bacteria
b) fungi
c) algae
d) all of the above
ANSWER: D -- ALL OF THE ABOVE
Multiple Choice: The group containing the most primitive living vascular plants has only two living genera. This group is named:
a) arthropoda
b) psilophyta
c) bryophyta
ANSWER: B -- PSILOPHYTA
Multiple Choice: Thickness and toughness of plant walls are increased by deposition within the original cellulose wall, of a substance known as lignin. The process of deposition is called:
a) Sclerenchymacia
b) Lignification
c) Scleridia
ANSWER: B -- LIGNIFICATION
Multiple Choice: Which of the following are stems of plants which are leaf like in form, are green, and perform the functions of leaves. In addition, they may bear fruit, flowers, and temporary leaves?
a) Tubers
b) rhizomes
c) cladophylls
d) none of the above
ANSWER: C -- CLADOPHYLLS
Multiple Choice: Which of the following scientific terms is used to describe the loss of water vapor by plants. Is it:
a) digestion
b) respiration
c) adsorption
d) transpiration
ANSWER: D -- TRANSPIRATION
Multiple Choice: Because they are resistant to desiccation (pron: des-ih-KA-shun), desert plants are known as what?
a) dehydrates
b) hydrophobocytes
c) xerophytes
d) none of the above
ANSWER: C -- XEROPHYTES
Multiple Choice: A plant bending toward sunlight is an example of which of the following?
a) release of energy
b) metabolism
c) phototaxis
d) reproduction
ANSWER: C -- PHOTOTAXIS
Multiple Choice: Which of the following are the most common bryophytes?
a) ferns
b) cone-bearing plants
c) mosses and liverworts
d) flowering plants
ANSWER: C -- MOSSES AND LIVERWORTS
Multiple Choice: The tendency of a plant to grow toward light is called:
a) photosynthesis
b) photoinduction
c) phototropism (pron: fo-tot-row-piz-em)
d) photolysis (pron: fo-tol-eh-sis) ANSWER: C -- PHOTOTROPISM
Multiple Choice: Which of the following laws best describes the statement:
The members of an homologous (pron: ho-MOL-eh-gus) pair of genes are separated during meiosis (pron: my-O-sis) of reproductive cells so that each gamete (pron: GAM-eet) contains one of the alleles (pron: a-leels). Is it:
a) law of segregation
b) law of independent assortment
c) law of filial (pron: FILL-ee-al) generation
d) law of sorting
ANSWER: A -- LAW OF SEGREGATION
Multiple Choice: Which of the following refers to a cross in which traits are considered simultaneously? Is it:
a) dihybrid cross
b) filial cross
c) punnett cross
d) none of the above
ANSWER: A -- DIHYBRID CROSS
Multiple Choice: Which of the following terms refers to the frequency with which a gene is expressed in a detectable way? Is it:
a) polygenetics
b) codominance
c) allelism
d) penetrance
ANSWER: D -- PENETRANCE
Multiple Choice: Which of the following terms refers to the collection of all alleles of every gene present in the members of a population? Is it:
a) population expression
b) gene pool
c) genetic dictionary
d) none of these
ANSWER: B -- GENE POOL
Multiple Choice: Which of the following are capable of causing chromosomal mutations?
a) hydrogen peroxide
b) high body temperature
c) X-rays
d) all of the above
ANSWER: D -- ALL OF THE ABOVE
Short Answer: In studies of cells, the nuclei, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, dictyosomes, microbodies and plastids are collectively known as what in the eucaryotic cell?
ANSWER: ORGANELLES
Multiple Choice: In a cell, the membrane bounding the outer surface of the cytoplasm is known as:
a) tonoplast
b) cytoplast
c) plasmalemma
ANSWER: C -- PLASMALEMMA
Multiple Choice: The use and transfer of energy in all cells involves the same compound, ATP. The letters ATP stand for the chemical:
a) atrophine trichloride
b) aluminum trioxide
c) adenosine triphosphate
d) none of the above
ANSWER: C -- ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE
Short Answer: The letters RNA are used to abbreviate what substance found in chromosomes?
ANSWER: RIBONUCLEIC ACID
Multiple Choice: Which two of the following four bases in DNA are pyrimidine (pron: pie-rim-eh-den) bases?
a) cytosine
b) thymine
c) adenine
d) guanine (pron: gwa - neen)
ANSWER: A and B -- CYTOSINE and THYMINE
Multiple Choice: Which two of the following four bases in DNA are purine bases?
a) adenine
b) thymine
c) cytosine
d) guanine
ANSWER: A and D -- ADENINE and GUANINE
Multiple Choice: Peptide bonds are found in:
a) carbohydrates
b) lipids
c) nucleic acids
d) proteins
ANSWER: D -- PROTEINS
Multiple Choice: What is the end product of glycolysis (fermentation) in chordates (pron: KOR-dates) when there is INSUFFICIENT oxygen?
a) lactic acid
b) hydrogen
c) sugar
d) alcohol
ANSWER: A -- LACTIC ACID
Multiple Choice: What is the main purpose of fermentation in cells?
a) production of ATP
b) hydrolysis of starch
c) production of alcohol
d) burning of hydrogen with oxygen ANSWER: A -- PRODUCTION OF ATP
Multiple Choice: Schwann's cell theory basically states that:
a) cells are the building blocks of living things.
b) cells require oxygen.
c) cells are made of atoms and molecules.
d) cells require nutrients.
ANSWER: A -- CELLS ARE THE BUILDING BLOCKS OF LIVING THINGS.
Short Answer: What is the process by which a cell captures and digests a foreign body?
ANSWER: PHAGOCYTOSIS (pron: fag-a-se-TOE-sis)
Short Answer: In chlorophyll-containing plants, what are TWO products of green plant photosynthesis?
ANSWER: OXYGEN AND GLUCOSE (accept energy, also)
Multiple Choice: Muscle is surrounded by a tough sheet of whitish connective tissue called:
a) apodeme
b) annelida
c) fascia
d) none of the above ANSWER: C -- FASCIA
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is not a function performed by muscle through contraction?
a) motion
b) maintenance of posture
c) hemopoiesis
d) heat production
ANSWER: C -- HEMOPOIESIS
Multiple Choice: The most important chemical process in digestion is:
a) diffusion
b) active transport
c) hydrolysis
ANSWER: C -- HYDROLYSIS
Short Answer: The junction of two neurons is called what?
ANSWER: A SYNAPSE
Multiple Choice: Which of the following terms is used to describe animals that maintain a constant body temperature by producing heat by metabolic oxidations (muscle contractions) and losing excess heat by evaporative cooling?
a) poikilotherms
b) heterotherms
c) homeotherms
d) none of these
ANSWER: C -- HOMEOTHERMS
Short Answer: What is the process by which an animal may develop from an UNfertilized egg?
ANSWER: PARTHENOGENESIS (pron: par-then-a-GEN-a-sis)
Multiple Choice: A normal female human cell will have how many Barr bodies per cell? Is it:
a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 4
ANSWER: A -- 1
Multiple Choice: Which of the following refers to the science concerned with the application of genetic principles to the improvement of the human species?
a) assortive mating
b) eugenics
c) holandricism
d) none of these
ANSWER: B -- EUGENICS
Multiple Choice: Which of the following terms relates to the mating of genetically-related individuals ("blood relatives")?
a) familialism (pron: feh-mil-yel-ism)
b) kinship genetics
c) consanguinity (pron: kon-sang-gwin-eh-tee) d) none of these ANSWER: C -- CONSANGUINITY
Short Answer: Complete the sentence. Twins develop from separate zygotes and therefore differ genotypically and phenotypically.
ANSWER: FRATERNAL
Short Answer: Complete the following sentence. In movable joints i the body,
connect bone to bone.
ANSWER: LIGAMENTS
Multiple Choice: In biological studies which of the following terms is used to refer to muscles with less than normal tone? Is it:
a) atonic
b) latent
c) flaccid
d) none of these
ANSWER: C -- FLACCID
Multiple Choice: In biological studies which of the following is used to refer to the oxygen-binding, iron-containing, conjugated protein complex present in the sarcoplasm of muscle cells?
a) myelin
b) myosin
c) myoglobin
d) none of these
ANSWER: C -- MYOGLOBIN
Multiple Choice: Which of the following terms is used to describe the formation of fibrous tissue where it normally does not exist? Is it:
a) fibrositis
b) fibrogenesis
c) fibrosis
d) none of these
ANSWER: C -- FIBROSIS
Multiple Choice: Which of the following refers to the term -- tracheotomy (pron: tray-key-ot-eh-me)?
a) an electrical determination of the flow rate of air through the trachea
b) an incision of the trachea
c) the removal of the trachea due to gross cancerous tumor formation
d) none of these
ANSWER: B -- AN INCISION OF THE TRACHEA
Multiple Choice: Which of the following terms refers to the ease with which a tissue stretches? Is it:
a) stretch factor
b) surface tension
c) compliance
d) ductility
ANSWER: C -- COMPLIANCE
Multiple Choice: Which of the following terms is used to describe the study of the factors that influence the flow characteristics of blood as it moves through the body? Is it:
a) hemodynamics
b) anginology
c) capillary physiology
d) none of these
ANSWER: A -- HEMODYNAMICS
Multiple Choice: Which of the following terms refers to a deficienc of blood flow into a part of the body? Is it:
a) intrafusal
b) ischemia
c) infarct
d) none of these
ANSWER: B -- ISCHEMIA
Multiple Choice: Which of the following terms describes the process by which red blood cells are formed? Is it:
a) erythroblastosis
b) erythropoiesis
c) erythromyacinosis
d) cardiosis
ANSWER: B -- ERYTHROPOIESIS
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a term for mononuclear, granulocytic white blood cells that produce immunoglobulins?
a) lymphocytes
b) platelets
c) erythrocytes (pron: eh-rith-reh-sites)
d) none of these
ANSWER: A -- LYMPHOCYTES
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is also called "cancer of the blood" -- an uncontrolled, greatly accelerated production of white cells. Is it:
a) polycythemia
b) leukemia
c) sickle-cell anemia
d) none of these
ANSWER: B -- LEUKEMIA
Multiple Choice: In studies of the human body, which of the following terms is used to describe a very rapid heart rate or pulse rate? Is it:
a) bradycardia
b) tachycardia
c) cardiosis
d) myocardia
ANSWER: B -- TACHYCARDIA
Multiple Choice: In studies of the human body, which of the following terms is used to describe heart muscle? Is it:
a) myocardium
b) epicardium
c) pericardium
d) tachycardium
ANSWER: A -- MYOCARDIUM
Short Answer: A person with which blood type was historically known as "the universal donor"?
ANSWER: TYPE O
Multiple Choice: In studies of humans, the term used to describe th act of swallowing is:
a) mastication
b) deglutition
c) peristalsis
d) none of these
ANSWER: B -- DEGLUTITION
Multiple Choice: Complete the sentence by choosing one of the given biological terms. If an ulcer continues and eventually erodes all the way through the wall of the stomach or duodenum, the condition is called what?
a) periodontitis
b) perforation
c) periotonitis
d) none of these
ANSWER: B -- PERFORATION
Multiple Choice: In studying the human body, the instrument which i used to indirectly measure the metabolic rate is a:
a) respirometer
b) hydrometer
c) calorimeter
d) none of these
ANSWER: A -- RESPIROMETER
Short Answer: The small intestine is composed of three segments. Tw of these segments are the jejunum and the ileum. Name the third segment.
ANSWER: DUODENUM
Short Answer: The large intestine is composed of two segments. The first is the colon. Name the second segment.
ANSWER: RECTUM
Multiple Choice: In studies of the human body, which of the following terms would be used to describe the lack of voluntary control of urination or voiding of the bladder? Is it
a) anuria
b) suppression
c) incontinence
d) none of these
ANSWER: C -- INCONTINENCE
Multiple Choice: In studies of the human body, which of the following terms is used to describe the hereditary condition associated with an excessively high level of uric acid in the blood?
a) gout
b) cystitis
c) uric ptosis
d) none of these ANSWER: A -- GOUT
Multiple Choice: In studies of the human body, which of the following terms is used to describe the first step in the production of urine? Is it:
a) tubular secretion
b) tubular reabsorption
c) glomerular filtration
d) none of these
ANSWER: C -- GLOMERULAR FILTRATION
Multiple Choice: In studies of the human body, which of the following terms is used to describe a severe depletion or deficiency in total body water? Is it:
a) hydrophobia
b) hydropenia
c) hydrolysis
d) none of these
ANSWER: B -- HYDROPENIA
Multiple Choice: Which of the following organs of the body produces insulin?
a) liver
b) stomach
c) pancreas
d) small intestine
ANSWER: C -- PANCREAS
Multiple Choice: In studies of the human body, which of the following terms can also be used when referring to the pituitary gland? I it:
a) thymus
b) hypophysis (pron: hypo-fi-sis)
c) pancreas
d) none of the above
ANSWER: B -- HYPOPHYSIS
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is commonly referred to as the "master gland" because it regulates so many body activities? Is it:
a) pituitary gland
b) adrenal gland
c) thyroid gland
d) none of these
ANSWER: A -- PITUITARY GLAND
Short Answer: Which endocrine structures is located in the roof of the third ventricle of the brain and is also called the epiphysis cerebri?
ANSWER: PINEAL GLAND
Short Answer: What are the two MAIN components of the central nervous system?
ANSWER: BRAIN AND SPINAL CORD.
Short Answer: What structure attaches the embryo to the placenta?
ANSWER: UMBILICAL CORD
Short Answer: What is the outer transparent coat of the human eye calleds?
ANSWER: CORNEA
Short Answer: Which organ of the body functions to remove old blood cells from circulation?
ANSWER: SPLEEN / LIVER
Multiple Choice: Which of the following antibacterial substances is known to primarily affect gram-negative bacteria?
a) spermine (pron: SPER-meen)
b) interferon (pron: in-ter-FEER-en)
c) phagocytin (pron: fag-a-SITE-en)
d) leukins (pron: LEW-kins) ANSWER: C -- PHAGOCYTIN
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is the LEAST effective technique used to sterilize?
a) heat
b) cold
c) ethylene oxide (pron: ETH-e-leen)
d) filtration
ANSWER: B -- COLD
Short Answer: Antibodies are part of a group of serum (pron: SIR-em) proteins known as what?
ANSWER: IMMUNOGLOBULINS (pron: im-MYOON-o-glob-you-lins) or GLOBULINS
Short Answer: In 1954, the Public Health Service organized an experiment in which nearly 2 million children in grades 1, 2 and 3 participated. The experiment was to test a vaccine. Name the disease the children were vaccinated against, and identify the individual who developed the vaccine.
ANSWER: POLIO; VACCINE DEVELOPED BY JONAS SALK
Short Answer: A monoclonal antibody is specific for how many different proteins?
ANSWER: ONE
Short Answer: What is the gelatinous substance produced by red algae which is used as a culture medium for bacteria called?
ANSWER: AGAR (pron: OG-er) or AGAR-AGAR (pron: OG-er-OG-er)
Short Answer: What do we call a substance, usually a protein, which when introduced into the body stimulates the formation of antibodies?
ANSWER: ANTIGEN
Short Answer: What is the term for an infection in the connective tissues covering the brain and spinal cord?
ANSWER: MENINGITIS
Short Answer: What is the primary chemical component of the prokaryotic cell wall?
ANSWER: PEPTIDOGLYCAN (pron: pep-ted-o-GLIE-kan)
Short Answer: The virus which causes mononucleosis belongs to which family?
a) Cocksackie
b) Androvirus
c) Epstein-Barr
d) Retrovirus
ANSWER: C -- EPSTEIN-BARR
Short Answer: Zidovudine (pron: zi-DOE-vyu-deen), a nucleoside with antiviral activity, is used to delay the onset of this disease. Name the disease.
ANSWER: AIDS
Short Answer: Syphilis is commonly detected by what test?
ANSWER: WASSERMAN TEST
Short Answer: What is the tick-borne disease, caused by Borrelia burgdorferi, commonly called?
ANSWER: LYME DISEASE
Short Answer: Bacteria and blue-green algae are among the few types of these cells, which lack a nuclear membrane. Name this type of cell.
ANSWER: PROCARYOTIC CELL (pron: pro-KARE-ee-o-tik)
Short Answer: The ratio of which two types of lymphocytes is an indication of the AIDS virus?
ANSWER: TH AND TS CELLS (Thelper and Tsuppressor is also acceptable)
Short Answer: Name the term which is used to describe the biotic an abiotic components of a particular biological area. A pond or a forest would be examples.
ANSWER: ECOSYSTEM
Short Answer: What is the term used in ecology to refer to a habitat zone such as a grassland or tundra, resulting from interaction of climate, biota (pron: bi-O-ta), and substratum?
ANSWER: BIOME (pron: BI-owm)
Multiple Choice: Which term is used to describe organisms which live on or in the bottom of an ocean or lake. Such organisms can be found anywhere from the shoreline to the greatest ocean depths?
a) biota
b) benthos
c) nekton
d) plankton
ANSWER: B -- BENTHOS
Multiple Choice: Which of the following terms describes the study o animal behavior based on comparisons, the observation of patterns, and the consideration of environmental adaptations? Is it:
a) ethology (pron: eh-thol-eh-gee)
b) evisceration (pron: eh-vis-eh-ray-shun)
c) promotorism
d) sociology
ANSWER: A -- ETHOLOGY
Multiple Choice: Which of the following describes the belief that living things can appear from nonliving matter? Is it:
a) evolution
b) spontaneous generation
c) photosynthesis
d) chemosynthesis
ANSWER: B -- SPONTANEOUS GENERATION
Short Answer: An organism is named by combining its genus name with what other name?
ANSWER: SPECIES NAME / SPECIFIC EPITHET
Short Answer: Members of the Kingdom Monera differ from all other organisms because they have what characteristic?
ANSWER: THEY HAVE PROKARYOTIC CELLS / LACK NUCLEUS AND ORGANELLES
Short Answer: In Biology, which classification category contains th largest number of organisms?
ANSWER: KINGDOM
Multiple Choice: If we were to completely eliminate one group of marine organisms from the ocean, which would most likely be fatal to marin fish populations? Elimination of:
a) urchins
b) diatoms (pron: DIE-a-toms)
c) starfishes
d) sea anemones (pron: a-NEM-a-nees) ANSWER: B -- DIATOMS
Multiple Choice: From the following, name the type of mimicry by which an acceptable, palatable insect mimics an unfavorable, noxious insec for protection.
a) Batesian mimicry (pron: BATE-see-an MIM-i-cree)
b) Mullerian mimicry (pron: myou-LER-ee-an MIM-i-cree)
c) Femmes fatalles strategy (pron: fem fa-TAL) d) Monarchial mimicry ANSWER: B -- MULLERIAN MIMICRY
Short Answer: In biology, a situation in which one characteristic is NOT dominant over another is known by what name?
ANSWER: INCOMPLETE INHERITANCE
Short Answer: What is the occurrence of two or more hereditary unit on the same chromosome called?
ANSWER: (GENE) LINKAGE
Short Answer: If the DNA code for leucine is GAT, the tRNA anticodo would be what?
ANSWER: GAU
Short Answer: Two parents have the genotype Aa. What fraction of their offspring would also be heterozygous?
ANSWER: 1/2
Short Answer: What term is used to describe an organism lacking one entire chromosome?
ANSWER: A MONOSOMY
Short Answer; What type of mutation has occurred when a plant inherits a complete extra set of chromosomes?
ANSWER: POLYPLOIDY
Short Answer: Carbon l4 with a half life of 5,568 years is used to date a sample of wood. The sample has l/8 the carbon l4 contained in a living tree of the same species.
Approximately how old is the specimen?
ANSWER: l6,704 YEARS
Short Answer: What is the mass of filaments composing the body of a fungus called?
ANSWER: MYCELIUM
Short Answer: What kinds of organs are proglottids mostly made of?
ANSWER: REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS
Short Answer: What is the whale's baleen? ANSWER: THE STRAINER IN ITS MOUTH
Multiple Choice: Which disease is NOT caused by a bacteria?
a) Tetanus
b) Tuberculosis
c) Leprosy
d) AIDS
ANSWER: D -- AIDS
Short Answer: The purpose of the human genome project is to map all the human chromosomes. A similar project is ongoing for another mammal; name that mammal.
ANSWER: MOUSE (or Mice)
Multiple Choice: In plant studies, many species of angiosperms lack secondary growth and therefore do not become woody. They are generally called by which of the following?
a) trees
b) bines
c) herbs
d) none of the above ANSWER: C -- HERBS
Short Answer: What TWO primary chemical compounds are used in photosynthesis?
ANSWER: WATER AND CARBON DIOXIDE
Multiple Choice: The ovary of a flowering plant can develop into a:
a) spore
b) fruit
c) cone
d) seed
ANSWER: B -- FRUIT
Multiple Choice: The part of the flower that is adapted to catch pollen is the:
a) stigma
b) style
c) anther
d) ovule
ANSWER: A -- STIGMA
Multiple Choice: Fungi depend on other organisms for:
a) water
b) food
c) carbon dioxide
d) hydrogen ANSWER: B -- FOOD
Short Answer: What is the generic name for a biocide effective against certain plants?
ANSWER: HERBICIDE
Multiple Choice: Neuron is the name given to which special type of biological cell?
a) a nerve cell
b) a brain cell
c) a skin cell
ANSWER: A -- A NERVE CELL
Short Answer: What is the highly insoluble (polysaccharide) carbohydrate which is a major supporting material in plants?
ANSWER: CELLULOSE
Short Answer: The letters DNA are used to abbreviate what substance found in chromosomes?
ANSWER: DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID
Multiple Choice: In a cell, aerobic respiration occurs mainly in the:
a) ribosomes (pron: RIBE-a-somes)
b) mitochondria (pron: mite-o-KON-dree-a)
c) Golgi apparatus (pron: GALL-jee)
d) chloroplasts (pron: KLOR-o-plasts) ANSWER: B -- MITOCHONDRIA
Multiple Choice: As mitosis (pron: mie-TOE-sis) begins, the structure in the nucleus that disappears is the:
a) spindle
b) nucleolus (pron: new-klee-O-lus)
c) chromatid (pron: KROME-a-tid)
d) centromere (pron: SEN-tro-meer) ANSWER: B -- NUCLEOLUS
Multiple Choice: The process of osmosis is best illustrated by the movement of:
a) salts in blood stream.
b) oxygen into red blood cells.
c) carbon dioxide through stomata.
d) water into root hair cells.
ANSWER: D -- WATER INTO ROOT HAIR CELLS.
Multiple Choice: Cilia are distinguished from flagella (pronounced: fla-JEL-a) by their:
a) arrangement of microtubules.
b) length and number.
c) function.
d) color.
ANSWER: B -- LENGTH AND NUMBER.
Multiple Choice: Molecular oxygen formed during plant photosynthesis is derived exclusively from:
a) CO2
b) Water
c) carbohydrates
d) none of the above ANSWER: B -- WATER
Multiple Choice: In the digestive system, proteins are broken down into:
a) simple sugars.
b) fatty acids.
c) amino acids.
d) glycerol.
ANSWER: C -- AMINO ACIDS.
Multiple Choice: Respiration that does NOT require oxygen is called:
a) photosynthesis
b) oxidation
c) anaerobic respiration
d) aerobic respiration
ANSWER: C -- ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION
Multiple Choice: The process by which glucose is broken down and carbon dioxide and alcohol are released is:
a) glycolysis
b) photosynthesis
c) respiration
d) fermentation
ANSWER: D -- FERMENTATION
Multiple Choice: What controls the steps in the respiration of glucose?
a) enzymes
b) rate of photosynthesis
c) absence of NAD
d) amount of water present ANSWER: A -- ENZYMES
Multiple Choice: What has the most energy in its chemical bonds?
a) AMP
b) ADP
c) ATP
d) All are equal ANSWER: C -- ATP
Multiple Choice: During an early step of respiration, glucose is converted into two identical molecules of:
a) CO2
b) ATP
c) pyruvic acid(pron: pie-ROO-vik)
d) chlorophyll
ANSWER: C -- PYRUVIC ACID
Multiple Choice: When you do strenuous exercise, oxygen is used up rapidly. What substance is formed.
a) pyruvic acid(pron: pie-ROO-vik)
b) lactic acid
c) glucose
d) alcohol
ANSWER: B -- LACTIC ACID
Multiple Choice: Which of the following macromolecules is primarily responsible for the insolubility of cell membranes in water?
a) starch
b) cellulose
c) protein
d) phospholipid
ANSWER: D -- PHOSPHOLIPID
Multiple Choice: In biological studies, which of the following terms could be used to replace the word dehydration?
a) encystation
b) desiccation
c) hydrolysis
d) none of these
ANSWER: B -- DESICCATION
Multiple Choice: Which of the following terms refers to the study of tissues?
a) physiology
b) pathology
c) histology
d) none of these
ANSWER: C -- HISTOLOGY
Multiple Choice: Which of the following refers to the development of viable individuals from unfertilized eggs?
a) self-fertilization
b) hermaphroditic reproduction (pronounced her - MAF - ro - dit - ik)
c) parthenogenesis
ANSWER: C -- PARTHENOGENESIS
Multiple Choice: The common energy-storage polysaccharide in animals is:
a) glycogen
b) fructose
c) starch
d) collagen
ANSWER: A -- GLYCOGEN
Multiple Choice: Locomotion and heat production are functions of which system?
a) lymphatic (pron: lim-FAT-ik)
b) respiratory
c) skeletal
d) muscular
ANSWER: D -- MUSCULAR
Multiple Choice: The pituitary and thyroid glands are components of the:
a) endocrine system(pron: EN-do-kren)
b) cardiovascular system
c) lymphatic system(pron: lim-FAT-ik)
d) respiratory system
ANSWER: A -- ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
Multiple Choice: The primary function of carbohydrates is to:
a) break down molecules.
b) aid in digestion.
c) supply the body with energy.
d) regulate the flow of chyme.
ANSWER: C -- SUPPLY THE BODY WITH ENERGY.
Multiple Choice: In a comparison of the brain found in lower classes of vertebrates to the brain in higher classes of vertebrates the area showing most increase in relative size is:
a) cerebellum
b) optic lobe
c) medulla
d) cerebrum
ANSWER: D -- CEREBRUM
Multiple Choice: The outer most layer of skin is called the:
a) endodermis
b) mesoderm
c) epidermis
d) dermis
ANSWER: C -- EPIDERMIS
Multiple Choice: The major organ in mammals for detoxifying chemicals is:
a) kidney
b) liver
c) pancreas
d) stomach
ANSWER: B -- LIVER
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a nitrogenous waste compound excreted by animals?
a) urea
b) ammonia
c) uric acid
d) pyridine
ANSWER: D -- PYRIDINE
Multiple Choice: The clavicles are the bones commonly referred to as:
a) the shoulder blades
b) the shin bones
c) the collar bones
d) none of the above
ANSWER: C -- THE COLLAR BONES
Multiple Choice: Which of the following nourishes a developing seed?
a) pollen tube
b) nectar
c) endosperm
d) zygote
ANSWER: C -- ENDOSPERM
Multiple Choice: Which of the following organs do the pulmonary arteries service?
a) heart
b) lungs
c) lower trunk and legs.
ANSWER: B -- LUNGS
Multiple Choice: White blood cells are called:
a) lymphocytes
b) leucocytes
c) plasma
ANSWER: B -- LEUCOCYTES
Short Answer: The small intestine is composed of three segments. Two of these segments are the jejunum and the ileum. Name the third segment.
ANSWER: DUODENUM
Source: https://www.csun.edu/science/ref/games/questions/97_biol.pdf
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