Core labour standards
Core labour standards: a concept relevant for a discussion of whether trade and labour standards should be should be part of trade policy. A study on labour standards issued by the OECD in 1995 suggests that core labour standards should include (a) freedom of association and collective bargaining, (b) elimination of exploitative forms of child labour, (c) prohibition of forced labour, in the form of slavery and compulsory labour, and (d) non-discrimination in employment, i.e. the right to equal respect and treatment for all workers. All of them are considered basic human rights standards, but there is no single international instrument grouping them in this way. Some also consider the right to work under acceptable working conditions (minimum workplace safety and health standards, minimum wages, maximum hours per week, etc.) a core standard, a view taken by the United States Omnibus Trade and Competitiveness Act. This is more controversial. Core labour standards are defined in International Labour Organization (ILO) and United Nations conventions and recommendations. Alejandro Portes has suggested the following typology of labour standards: (1) basic rights (rights against use of child labour, involuntary servitude and physical coercion), (2) survival rights (rights to a living wage, accident compensation and a limited work week), (3) security rights (right against arbitrary dismissal and rights to retirement compensation and survivors' compensation) and (4) civic rights (rights to free association, collective representation and free expression of grievances). See also pauper-labour argument, race-to-the-bottom argument, social clause, social dumping, social labelling, social subsidies and wage-differential argument.
Source: http://ctrc.sice.oas.org/trc/WTO/Documents/Dictionary%20of%20trade%20%20policy%20terms.pdf
Web site to visit: http://ctrc.sice.oas.org
Author of the text: W. Goode
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