Countermeasures
Countermeasures: the means available to WTO members for dealing with exceptional circumstances and alleged breaches of the rules fall into two main categories. The first is made up of trade remedies, also known as trade defence mechanisms and contingent protection. They include safeguards, anti-dumping measures and countervailing duties. This group of measures can be initiated by any WTO member as long as it follows the relevant rules. The second group of countermeasures, i.e. the suspension of concessions and obligations, can only be taken with the authorization of the Dispute Settlement Body. In other words, to obtain redress for an alleged breach of the rules by another member one has to launch a case. As the Appellate Body observed in Canada − measures affecting the export of civil aircraft “. . . no member is free to determine whether a prima facie case or defence has been established by the other party. That competence is necessarily vested in the panel under the DSU, and not in the Members that are parties to the dispute”.
Source: http://ctrc.sice.oas.org/trc/WTO/Documents/Dictionary%20of%20trade%20%20policy%20terms.pdf
Web site to visit: http://ctrc.sice.oas.org
Author of the text: W. Goode
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