Balloon sport
Balloon sport oldest form of flying sport. Sport equipment is the free balloon. The balloon is a ball- or pear-shaped hull made of coated fabric or foil materials and filled either with a gas (hydrogen or helium) which is lighter than air (gas balloon) or with hot air (hot air balloon). Due to the difference in density in relation to the surrounding air the balloon rises and is carried away with the air flow. In a gas balloon (average volume 1000 m3) the balloon basket holding the balloonists hangs on ropes from a net made of rope surrounding the balloon. By means of dropping ballast (emptying sand bags) the crew can increase the balloon’s rising speed, when releasing gas from the balloon through a special valve the balloon loses altitude again. Just before landing the towing line is thrown out, which reduces travelling and sinking speed. In the hot air balloon (average volume over 2500 m3) the air inside the balloon is heated through the balloon’s opening at the bottom by means of a propane burner, the temperature depends on the desired flight path and ranges between 60° and 120° celsius. In this manner the bal- loon’s lift can be regulated. The material used for the modern hulls is plastic which does not burn, melts slowly, and is very light. For a faster emptying of the gas balloon a rip cord is pulled during landing, it opens a long slit in the balloon. In the hot air balloon the descent and quick emptying of the hull is made possible with a large valve opening at the tip of the hull (parachute system). Limited technical steering devices are available on the hot air balloon with valves attached on the hull’s side, but the balloon is predominantly navigated at different heights by using prevalent air flows. Competitions include target and distance travels. In target competitions the balloon putting a marker on the ground closest to the target is declared the winner. Records are held in distance, altitude and duration travels. (H.Haag &g. Haag, dictionary, 2003, 60p.)
Source: http://lspa.eu/files/study/lection_materials/U.Svinks/Sport_lexis_terms_explanatory_dictionary_in_english.pdf
List of Literature and The List of Abbreviations sources used in the source document
1. Chambers Sports Factfinder. Chambers Harrap Publishers Ltd 2005. [ISBN 0550 101616] (Chambers. Sports Factf.,2005)
2. Dictionary of Leisure, Travel and Tourism. Third edition. A&C Black Publishers Ltd, 2008. [ISBN 9780713685459] (Dict. of Leis., Trav. and Tour., 2008)
3. Dictionary. Sport, Physical Education, Sport Science. Editors Herbert Haag&Gerald Haag. Kiel, Institut für Sport und Sportwissenschaften, 2003. [ISBN 3-7780-3419-7] ((H.Haag &G. Haag, Dictionary, 2003)
4. Dictionary of Sport and Exercise Science A&Black Publishers Ltd 2006. [ISBN -10: 0713677856; ISBN-13: 9780713677850] (Dict. of Sp.and Ex.Sc,2006)
5. Dictionary of the Sport and Exercise Sciences. Mark H.Anshel, Editor. Human Kinetics Books Champaign, Illinois, 1991 [ISBN: 0-87322-379-9] (Dict. of sp. and Ex. Sc. 1991)
Web site to visit: http://lspa.eu
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