Sport discipline
Sport discipline term for an individual concrete form of practicing » sport which is institutionalized through specific rules and competitive conditions and organized in clubs and sport federations. A sport discipline can be differentiated further into subdisciplines or events (e.G. The high-jump is an event of the sport discipline of track and field). Each sport discipline delimits itself from other sport disciplines by means of its own set of rules, its movement structures, the equipment utilized, and the environmental conditions (e.G. Sport facilities). A categorization of sport disciplines can be made, e.G. According to the following criteria: 1. Social components: a. » Individual sport disciplines, b. Partner or dual sport disciplines, c. Team sport disciplines (» team games), 2. Environmental conditions: a. Sport activity indoors, inside gymnasiums (indoor sports, e.G. Gymnastics), b. Sport activity outdoors (outdoor sports, e.G. Soccer, rugby), c. Sport activity in or on the water (water sports, e.G. Canoeing, rowing, sailing, swimming, and diving), d. Sport activity on snow or ice (winter sports, e.G. Skiing and bobsledding outdoors, figure-skating indoors), e. Sport activity in the air (aeronautical sports, e.G. Artistic flying or gliding, ballooning, parachuting). Many sport disciplines can be practiced outdoors as well as indoors (e.G. Track and field, soccer, hockey), 3. Methods of assessing performance or results: a. Measurement sport disciplines (e.G. Track and field, weight-lifting), where performance is measured objectively by means of the » cm-g-s system, b. Assessment sport disciplines (e.G. Gymnastics, figure- skating, diving), where performance is assessed by judges and scored with points (combinations of measurement and assessment are also possible, e.G. In ski-jumping), c. Counting sport disciplines (e.G. Ice-hockey, handball, baseball, basketball), where the number of points, runs, goals, etc. Scored is counted, 4. Movement structure and specific movement experience: a. Moving one‟s own body (e.G. 5,000-M run), b. Moving a piece of equipment (e.G. Throwing the handball, shot-put), c. Moving a piece of equipment by means of another piece of equipment (e.G. Playing the ball with the racquet in tennis and squash), d. Moving at an apparatus (e.G. Exercises in gymnastics), e. Moving due to external forces (e.G. Windsurfing with the aid of wind force), f. Moving while supported by equipment (e.G. Automobile sport, bicycling, ice-skating, skiing), 5. Presence at olympic games: a. Olympic sport disciplines, b. Non-olympic sport disciplines. Furthermore, most sport disciplines have developed - depending on the duration of their existence and thereby on the degree of "establishment" - a specific theory which deals with the historical development, the social structure and function, health and medical aspects, movement theory, teaching and learning of the sport discipline, and training methods. (H.Haag & g.Haag, dictionary, 2003, 480p)
Source: http://lspa.eu/files/study/lection_materials/U.Svinks/Sport_lexis_terms_explanatory_dictionary_in_english.pdf
List of Literature and The List of Abbreviations sources used in the source document
1. Chambers Sports Factfinder. Chambers Harrap Publishers Ltd 2005. [ISBN 0550 101616] (Chambers. Sports Factf.,2005)
2. Dictionary of Leisure, Travel and Tourism. Third edition. A&C Black Publishers Ltd, 2008. [ISBN 9780713685459] (Dict. of Leis., Trav. and Tour., 2008)
3. Dictionary. Sport, Physical Education, Sport Science. Editors Herbert Haag&Gerald Haag. Kiel, Institut für Sport und Sportwissenschaften, 2003. [ISBN 3-7780-3419-7] ((H.Haag &G. Haag, Dictionary, 2003)
4. Dictionary of Sport and Exercise Science A&Black Publishers Ltd 2006. [ISBN -10: 0713677856; ISBN-13: 9780713677850] (Dict. of Sp.and Ex.Sc,2006)
5. Dictionary of the Sport and Exercise Sciences. Mark H.Anshel, Editor. Human Kinetics Books Champaign, Illinois, 1991 [ISBN: 0-87322-379-9] (Dict. of sp. and Ex. Sc. 1991)
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