La Niña (Oceanography and Meteorology) From the “little girl” The name given to the weather phenomenon characterized by abnormally cold ocean surface water temperatures in the eastern Pacific Ocean near the equator. According to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), during a La Niña event, temperatures are typically warmer than normal in the southeast United States and cooler than normal in the northwest, bringing drier than normal conditions to southern California and the Southwest U.S. With the cold water in the Pacific tropics characterizing a La Niña event, the chill, west-to-east high-altitude winds known as the jet stream no longer move southward attracted by the temperature differential which exists during the El Niño warm-water event. Therefore, instead of being “pulled” downward as the jet stream hurls across the United States, it tends to shift northward, producing unusually wet springs in the Northwestern U.S. and summer droughts in the mid-Atlantic region. It also means that there are no strong upper elevation winds in the middle Atlantic to blow the tops off of any big tropical storms forming, consequently allowing for the formation of more hurricanes.
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Author of the Water Words Dictionary source of text: Gary A. Horton
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